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LEFT MAURETANIA 158 MAURICIUS born at Versailles in 1701. In 1715 his father who was Minister of State re- signed and transferred the office to his GUY DE MAUPASSANT son, then a boy of 14. During the mi- nority of Maurepas the office was admin- istered by the Marquis de Villiere. Maurepas was Minister of Marine, 1735, and Secretary of State, 1738. In 1749 a satire against the Marquise de Pompa- dour drove him from the court in dis- grace. He returned on the accession of Louis XVI. He supported the alliance ^vith America and the declaration of war against England. Remained Minister of State until his death in 1781. _ MAURETANIA, a west African ter- ritory belonging to France. The popula- tion consists mostly of Moors who are nomads. These live in groups, driving their flocks wherever water. Salt is found quantities. MAURICE, FREDERICK DENISON, an English philosopher; bom in Nor- manston, England, Aug. 29, 1805. He was educated at Cambridge and Oxford; became Professor of Theology in King's College, London (1846) ; edited the "Edu- cational Magazine" (1839-1841); was one of the founders of Queen's College, Lon- they can find in considerable don (1848). He wrote: "Eustace Con- way" (1834), a novel; "Ancient Philos- ophy" (1850); "Theological Essays" (1853); "Mediaeval Philosophy" (1857); "Modem Philosophy" (1862); etc. He died in London, England, April 1, 1872. MAURICE, PRINCE OF ORANGE AND COUNT OF NASSAU, son of William the Silent; born in Dillenburg, Prussia, Nov. 13, 1567. After his father's assassination in 1584, the prov- inces of Holland and Zealand, and after- ward Utrecht and the others, elected him their stadtholder. A great portion of the Nethei'lands was still in the hands of the Spaniards; but, under the leadership of Maurice, the Dutch, aided by an Eng- lish contingent under the Earl of Leices- ter and Sir Philip Sidney, rapidly wrested cities and fortresses from their enemies. In 1590 Breda, and m 1591 Zutphen, Deventer, Nimeguen, and other places fell into their hands, in 1593 Geertruidenberg, and in 1594 Groningen. In 1597 he defeated the Spaniards at Tumhout in Brabant, and in 1600 won a splendid victory at Nieuwpoort. Then for more than three years he baffled all the power of Spain by his defense of Ostend. Finally, in 1609, Spain was compelled to acknowledge the United Provinces as a free republic. But from this time keen dissension grew up be- tween the^ Orange party, who favored the Gomarists, and the Remonstrants or Amiinians, who found their chief sup- porters in aristocratic republicans, like Olden Barneveldt. The former emerged victors from the struggle, and Maurice at once (1621) renewed the war with Spain. He died in The Hague, April 23, 1625. MAURICE, SIR FREDERICK B., English major-general; born in 1871. Entered the army in 1892; made a captain in 1899; brevetted major in 1900; major, 1911; lieut.-col., 1913; brev.- col., 1915; major-gen., 1916. Was ap- pointed a general staff officer second grade in 1908. Served at Tirah in 1897-1898, and was awarded medal with two clasps. In the South African War was mentioned in dispatches and won the Queen's Medal. In the World War of 1914-1918 became director of military operations. Imperial General Staff 1915-1916, decorated Com- mander of the Legion of Honor, Croix de Guerre, etc. Author of "Russo-Turk- ish War" 1877-1878; "Sir Frederick Maurice: A Record"; "Forty Days in 1914"; "The Last Four Months"; con- tributed to Cambridge Modem History. MAURICIUS, Emperor of Constanti- nople; born in Cappadocia, in a. d. 539.