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LEFT HABY XL 141 MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS his first queen, Catherine of Aragon; born in Greenwich Palace, Feb. 18, 1516. She eariy espoused her mother's cause during the proceedings for divorce then pending, and thereby became estranged from her father. On her accession to the throne in 1553 she liberated the im- prisoned Roman Catholic prelates, sub- stituting Archbishop Cranmer, Bishop Latimer, and other leading Protestant divines in their stead; then she sent Lady Jane Grey and her husband, Lord Guilford Dudley, to the block on a charge nf treason; and on the instigation of Gardiner proclaimed the repeal of all the laws of Henry VIII. and Edward VI. for the maintenance of the Reformed religion. She married Philip II. of Spain in 1554. In 1557, war being renewed be- tween France and Spain, and Mary tak- ing sides with Spain, Calais was lost to bhe English nation. She died in St. James Palace, Nov. 17, 1558. MABY II., Queen of England; born in St. James Palace, April 30, 1662. She was daughter of James, Duke of York, afterward James II., by his wife Anne Hyde, daughter of Lord Clarendon. She was married in 1677 to William, Prince of Orange; and when the Revolution de- throned her father, Mary was declared joint-possessor of the throne with Wil- liam, on whom all the administration of the government devolved. She died of smallpox in Kensington Palace, Dec. 28, 1694. MARY, Queen consort of George Vo of England; born in 1867, Princess Vic- toria Mary of Teck. Married Prince of Wales, afterward King George V, July 6, 1893. Five sons and a daughter were born of the union — Edward Albert, 1894; Albert Frederick, 1895; Mary, 1897; Henry, 1900 ; George, 1902, and John, 1905. MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS (MARY STUART), only daughter of James V. of Scotland and Mary of Guise; born in Linlithgow, Scotland, Dec„ 8, 1542. James, dying of chagrin in a few days after her birth, the Parliament made James, Earl of Arran — head of the great house of Hamilton, and heir-presumptive to the throne — regent of the kingdom. Mary was crowned Queen of Scotland, at Stirling, in 1543. The young queen's ^-"etrothal to the Dauphin, son of Henry II., led to Mary's visit to France in 1548, where George Buchanan taught her Latin, and Ronsard, poetry. The marriage of the Dauphin with Mary took place in 1558. On the death of Henry II., and her husband's accession to the throne as Francis II., Mary became Queen of France, a position which lasted not quite 17 months, her husband dying in Decem- ber, 1560. M'ary now coldly treated in France resolved to return to her native country. In Scotland, at this time, the Roman Catholic party had been over- thrown. Mary's marriage becoming an object of national importance, she finally made choice of her cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, a handsome, accomplished, dis- sipated youth. On July 20, 1565, Darnley was created Duke of Albany, and nine days after the marriage was solemnized; Darnley being created, also, king-consort on the day preceding. Her half-brother. MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS the Earl of Murray, after bitterly oppoj- ing this union, headed a rebellion against the crown, but was defeated. Darnley, jealous of the queen's parasite Rizzio, determined to murder the minion; and accordingly burst into the queen's apart- ment in Holyrood Palace, where she was supping with Rizzio and others, March 9, 1566, and dragged the Italian from the queen's presence, dispatched him on the stairs. They next imprisoned Mary; but she, effecting her escape, reconciled hei*- self with Murray and pursued her venge- ance on Rizzio's murderers, excepting Darnley. June 19 of the same year her only child, afterward James VI. of Scot- land and James I. of England, was born. A plan was now entered into between the Earls of Murray and Bothwell, and other nobles, for the assassination of Darnley, then lying ill at Kirk-of-Field, a house near Edinburgh. The house con- taining the sick Darnley was blown up by gunpowder on the night of Feb. 9, Vol. VI — Cvc— .T