Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 06.djvu/158

LEFT MABLBOBOUOH 128 MABLOWE but different kinds of marl are of very different value in this respect. The use of marl as a manure has been practiced from ancient times. MAELBOROXJGH, a city in Middlesex CO., Mass., on the New York, New Haven, and Hartford, and the Boston and Maine railroads; 30 miles W. of Boston. It con- tains a city hospital, public library, St. Ann's convent and school, high school, soldiers' monument. Grand Army of the Republic Building, waterworks. National banks, and street railroad and electric light plants; and has extensive boot and shoe, box, automobile and carriage fac- tories, and electrical supply works. Pop. (1910) 14,579; (1920) 15,028. MARLBOROUGH, a provincial district of New Zealand, in the N. E. comer of the South Island, 130 miles long by 30 broad; area, 3,000,000 acres, of which 200,000 are agricultural land and 1,300,- 000 suitable for pastoral occupation. There are important dairying and lum- bering industries. Among the minerals are gold, antimony, copper, and coal. Pop. about 17,000. MARLBOROUGH, JOHN CHURCH- ILL, DUKE OF, an English soldier and statesman; born in Ashe, Devonshire, England, June 24. 1650. He was the son JOHN CHURCHILL, DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH of Sir Winston Churchill, a devoted ad- herent of Charles I. After receiving a defective education he was placed, at the age of 12, as page in the household of the Duke of York. Continuing in the service of the Duke of York, Churchill married, about 1680. the beautiful and accomplished Sarah Jennings, favorite of the Princess (afterward Queen) Anne. At the revolution Churchill entered the service of the Prince of Orange. He was created Earl of Marlborough and privy councillor. In 1689 he received the com- mand of the English forces in the Neth- erlands, and after a brief service in Ire- land was recalled to Flanders in 1691. Suspected of a traitorous correspondence with James II., he was deprived of his command and imprisoned in the Tower; and though shortly released was not re- stored to the favor of the king till 1697. On the breaking out of the War of the Spanish Succession, in 1700, he received the chief command of the forces in the United Provinces, and was named am- bassador to France. As commander-in- chiei of the allied forces he took several places in the Netherlands in 1702; for which exploits he was made duke. With the Imperialists, under Prince Eugene gained the victory of Blenheim in 1704, for which a sum was voted to build him the palace of Blenheim on the demesne of Woodstock, which had been bestowed on him by Queen Anne. Marlborough after- ward defeated Marshal Villeroi at Ramil- lies in 1706, and closed the brilliant series of his victories by those of Oudenarde in 1708, and Malplaquet in 1709. He be- came unpopular for political and person- al reasons, and in 1712 he went abroad with his duchess, who had also been dis- placed at court. Returning in 1714, George I. restored him to his office, but he was soon after compelled by an at- tack of apoplexy to withdraw from pub- lic life, and he died at Windsor Lodge, June 16, 1722. MARLITT, EUGENIE, the pseudonym of E. John, a German novelist; born in Arnstadt, Thuringia, Dec. 5, 1825. After some years on the stage she spent her time in writing romances, interesting enough, but with strong didactic tend- encies and somewhat unreal. Of these the most successful was "Goldelse" (1866); "The Old Maid's Secret" (1867); "Princess of the Moor" (1871); "Second Wife" (1873); "Countess Gisela" (1869), and "Thuringian Stories" (1869). She died in Arnstadt June 22, 1887. MARLOWE, CHRISTOPHER, an English dramatist; bom in Canterbury about 1564. Soon after graduating at Cambridge (1583), he became dramatist to the "Lord Admiral's Company," Lon- don, which produced most of his plays. Among them were the tragedies "Life and Death of Dr. Faustus" (1601); "The Jew of Malta"; and "Edward IL" (1593),