Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 06.djvu/152

LEFT MARIE DE MEDICI 122 MARIETTA only 15 years of age, to give her hand to the young Duke of Berri, afterward Louis XVI. of France, She constantly opposed such measures of reform as had been proposed. Her unpopularity in- creased, and the general indignation was raised to the highest pitch by the enthusi- astic reception given her at the guard's ball, on Oct. 1, 1789, where the white Bourbon cockades were worn, and the national cockade was trampled under foot. The insurrection of women and the attack on Versailles followed in a few days. The queen displayed such courage that she won the plaudits of the mob. It was the queen who advised the flight of the royal family from Paris in June, J.791, which ended in their capture and return. The queen exerted all her power to induce the king to meet death sword in hand; but he thought resistance was in vain, and was led with his consort before che Legislative Assembly, where she heard his deposition announced, and then accompanied him to the prison of the Temple. There she again showed the highest courage. In August, 1793, she was removed to the Conciergerie, and in October she was brought before the rev- olutionary tribunal. She replied with firmness and decision to the charges brought against her; and she heard her sentence pronounced with perfect calmness. She was executed on Oct. 16, 1793. MARIE DE MEDICI (duh ma-di- se'). Queen of France; born in Florence, Italy, April 26, 1573. She was daughter of Francis I., Grand-Duke of Tuscany, and married Henry IV. of France in 1600. The union was rendered unhappy in consequence of the jealous, obstinate, and violent character of the queen. On the death of Henry IV., in 1610, she was named regent; but her administration was disgraced by the countenance she afforded to unworthy favorites. She even quarreled with her son, afterward Louis XIII., who was compelled to quit the court. A reconciliation was, however, effected between them by Richelieu. That minister subsequently forced her to leave France. The remainder of her life was spent in exile. She died in Cologne, July 3, 1642. MARIE GALANTE (ga-longf), a French island in the West Indies, 17 miles S. E. of Guadeloupe; area, 58 square miles; it is covered for the most part with wood and surrounded by coral reefs ; sugar, coffee, cocoa, and cotton are ex- ported. Discovered by Columbus in 1493. Chief town, Grandbourg, or Marigot, on the S. W. coast. Pop. about 15,000. MARIEWBAD (ma-re'en-bad), a city of Czecho-Slovakia, 47 miles N. W. of Pilsen, at an elevation of 2,057 feet above sea-level. The springs have long been used by the people of the vicinity, but it is only since 1807-1808 that it has become a place of resort for persons from distant parts of the world. The springs are numerous, varying in temperature from 48° to 54° F. They are saline, contain- ing sulphate of soda and various alkaline ingredients, but differing considerably in their composition and qualities. They are used both internally and in the form of baths. Great quantities of the waters of the springs are exported to many parts of the world. Pop. about 7,500. MARIENBURG (ma-re'en-borc), a town of Prussia, on the Nogat, 30 miles S. S. E. of Danzig. It was long tae seat of the Grand Masters of the Teu- tonic Order, who removed from Venice hither in 1309. The fortress of the knights, however, was founded here about 1274. Marienburg remained in their hands till 1457, when it was taken by the Poles, and by them it was held till 1772. The castle, in which 17 grand mas- ters resided, a noble edifice in a style of Gothic peculiar to the vicinity of the Baltic, was thoroughly restored in 1817- 1842. Pop. about 7,000. MARIENWERDER, a town of West Prussia, 3 miles E. of the Vistula and 55 S. of Danzig; was founded in 1233 by the Teutonic Knights and has an old castle. Pop. about 15,000. MARIETTA, city of Cobb CO., Ga., 20 miles N. W. of Atlanta, on the Louis- ville and Nashville railroad. The Kene- saw mountain rises 2^ miles away. Contains large library, court house, and collegiate institutions, and has millsi foundries, marble works, and paper fac* tories. A national cemetery is located there. Pop. (1910) 5,949; (1920) 6,190. MARIETTA, a city and county-seat of Washington co., O.; on the Ohio river, at the mouth of the Muskingum river, and on the Baltimore and Ohio, Pennsyl- vania, and Marietta. Columbus and Ohio railroads, 80 miles S. E. of Zanesville. It was settled by Gen. Rufus Putnam and a colony from New England in 1788. It is the seat of Marietta College and is situ- ated near a series of prehistoric mounds. It contains electric light and street rail- road plants, a high school. National and State banks, and daily and weekly news- papers. It has an extensive river com- merce and manufactories of flour, cars, tanned leather, carriages, boats, fur- niture, refined petroleum, etc. Pop. (1910) 12,923; (1920) 15,140.