Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 06.djvu/149

LEFT MARGARET 119 MARGIN DEALS the old Celtic Church to the rest of Christendom. She built, too, a stately church at Dunfermline, and refounded lona. She bore her husband six sons and two daughters, and died three days after him, in Edinburgh Castle, Nov. 16, 1093. MARGARET, Queen of Norway, Den- mark, and Sweden, daughter of Walde- mar IV., King of Denmark; born in Copenhagen, in 1358. In 1363 she was married to Haco, King of Norway, young- est son of Magnus Ericson. Magnus and his son were afterward deposed, and Albert of Mecklenburg placed on the throne. Margaret lost, in 1375, her father, Waldemar; in 1380, her husband, Haco; and in 1387, her son, Olave — events which left her queen regnant in Norway, regent in Denmark, and in a situation to receive overtures from the Swedes. Margaret at once furnished her adherents with troops and supplies of war, and the victory of Felkoiping, won by the high marshal of Sweden, Eric Kielson, Sept. 21, 1389, threw open the kingdom to her. The union of the three kingdoms was concluded by the treaty of Calmar. She died in the port of Flensburg, Oct. 28, 1412. MARGARET OF ANJOU (on^-zho'), daughter of Rene, King of Sicily, and wife of Henry VI., King of England; born in Nancy, France, Mar. 23, 1430. She was married to Henry in 1445. Her husband being taken prisoner, in 1455, by the Earl of Warwick, she levied forces, set Henry at liberty, and entered London in triumph. But in 1460 her army was defeated at Northampton, and Henry again became a prisoner; the queen, how- ever, escaped into Scotland and collected another army with which she marched against the Duke of York, who fell in the battle of Wakefield. She next de- feated Warwick at the second battle of St. Albans; but being routed at Towton, she fled to France to implore succor from Louis XL, who refused her any assist- ance. This intrepid woman then returned to England, where she was joined by sev- eral of her party, but was defeated at Hexham. In 1471 she was taken prison- er, and in 1475 she purchased her liberty by a large ransom. She then returned to France, where she died, in Dampierre, Aug. 25, 1482. MARGARET OF NAVARRE (nfi- var'), or OF VALOIS (va-lwa'), or OF FRANCE, daughter of Henri II. of France; born in St. Germain-en-Laye, France, May 14. 1553. She married, in 1572, Henri, then Prince of Beam, but afterward Henri IV. of France. It was at the time of the celebration of this marriage at Paris that the massacre of St. Bartholomew was perpetrated, and Margaret narrowly escaped. It was a marriage of policy^ and not of affection and was dissolved. Having returned to Paris Margaret lived in great splendor and dissipation till her death, in Paris, Mar. 27, 1615. Some very agreeable poems by her are extant, and her "Memoirs" are extremely curious, MARGARET OF NAVARRE, Queen of Navarre, and sister to Francis I., King of France; born in Angouleme, April 11, 1492. She was the daughter of Charles of Orleans, Duke d'Angouleme. In 1509 she married Charles, Duke d'Alen^on, two years after whose death she became the wife of Henri d'Albret, King of Navarre, by whom she had Jeanne d'Al- bret. mother of Henri VI. Besides other works, she wrote the "Heptameron," a collection of tales, after the manner of Boccaccio. She died in Bigone, France, Sept, 21, 1549. MARGARIC (-gar'-) ACID, in chem- istry, Ci7H3402=Ci5H3i.CH2.CO.OH. Cetyl carbonic acid. A name applied to an acid obtained by boiling cetylic cyanide with potassic hydrate solution. It resembles palmytic acid, forming white crystals, which melt at 59.9°, and boil at 277° un- der a pressure of 100 mm. MARGARINE. See Oleomargarine. MARGARITA (mar-ga-re'ta), an island in the Caribbean Sea, belonging to Venezuela; area, 380 square miles; in the state of Nueva Esparta. Discovered by Columbus in 1498, Margarita was long famous for its pearl fisheries. MARGATE, a municipal borough of England, in the isle of Thanet. Kent, It has for many years been a favorite sea- side resort. Pop. about 30,000. MARGAY, a feline from Brazil and Guiana, where it is known as the tiger cat. It is smaller than the ocelot (Felis pardalis), to which it has a general re- semblance, though it is not so handsome. It is capable of domestication. MARGHERITA, Queen Dowager of Italy. Born at Turin in 1857. Daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa. Married in 1868 the Prince Royal Humbert, who succeeded his father Victor Emanuel to the throne Jan. 9, 1878, and was assassi' nated July 9, 1900. MARGIN DEALS, term to denote transactions in stocks, bonds, or food- stuffs, subject to fluctations in value, re- garded as illegal in a number of States, Usually the transaction consists in a broker advancing the money to a client