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LEFT MANILA BAY 104 MANITOBA by crumbling walls, with tolerably wide, straight streets crossing each other at right angles. Here are the archbishop's palace, numerous churches and mon- asteries, the cathedral, university, Jesuit observatory, arsenal, and government of- fices. On the N. bank are the modem suburbs, the commercial and native quar- ters. Under American rule the general aspect of the city has greatly changed. Suburbs have been developed along mod- em lines, and many important public buildings have been erected. The most important industries are the manufac- ture of cigars, furniture, shoes, and man- tifactories of hemp. The harbor has been enlarged and dredged and accommodates the largest vessels. A railway extends from Manila to Dagupan, a distance of 120 miles. The principal port of the Philippines, Manila has an export trade valued approximately at over $50,000,000 annually, and an import trade that falls but little short of that figure. Sugar, hemp, cigars and tobacco, and coffee ac- count for three-fourths of the exports, and cotton goods, rice, wine, silk, flour, machinery and metal goods are the chief imports. On the morning of May 1, 1898, after war had broken out between the United States and Spain, was fought the battle of Manila Bay. On May 4 Commodore Dewey seized the arsenal. Manila was invested by American troops June 30, 1898, and on Aug. 13, after an organized attack by sea and land and two hours' hard fighting, it surrendered and the flag of the United States was raised over the city for the first time. Pop. (1903) 219,928; (1920) 266,943. MANILA BAY, a large inlet in the island of Luzon, Philippine Islands. The length of the bay is 25 miles and its width approximately 37 miles, tapering to about 11 at the entrance. It was the spot where Admiral Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet on May 1, 1898. MANILA, XTNIVERSITY OF, Philip- ■ pine Islands. Founded in 1585. Was a seminary for nobles in 1601, and the Dominicans, in 1641, established here the College of St. Thomas for poor Span- iards and natives. In 1644 the college became a university. The present insti- tution dates from 1859, and is modeled after American seats of learning. There are faculties of theology, canon and civil law, medicine, pharmacy, philosophy, art, and engineering. The great majority of the students, numbering between 700 and 800, are in the law and medical colleges. MANIPITR (man-i-p6r'), a native state in the N. E, of India, situated in the heavily timbered mountain-land be- tween Burma, Assam, Chittagong, and Cachar; area about 8,000 square miles; pop. (1920) about 350,000, collected most thickly in one valley, 650 square miles; situated 2,500 feet above sea-level. The men are lazy, but very fond of polo. The Manipuris combine Mongolian and Aryan characteristics, and are mainly Hindus. A British political agent was established at the rajah's court in the town of Manipur or Imphail (pop. 67,- 000) in 1835. MANIS, Pangolin, or scaly ant-eater; a genus of edentate mammals, belonging to the group Effodientia (diggers). There are no teeth, the ears small and indis- tinct, the tongue round and exsertile. The body and tail covered with horny imbricate scales ; tail long. They can roll themselves into a ball, and are then pro- tected by their scales, which are capable of inflicting pretty severe injuries. The genus is confined to Africa and India. MANISTEE, a city and county-seat of Manistee co., Mich., on Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Manistee river, and on the Manistee and Northeastern and the Flint and Pere Marquette railroads; 130 miles N. W. of Lansing. It contains a city hospital, county infirmary. Indus- trial Home, National banks, Carnegie Library, and several daily and weekly newspapers. It has industries in lum- ber, salt, flour, furniture, shingles, laths, etc. Pop. (1910) 12,381; (1920) 9,690. MANITCH, or MANYTCH (ma- nech'), a river in South Russia, which in its course connects a series of long narrow salt lakes, and joins the Don near Tcherkask. It has been proposed to utilize it in the construction of a canal to join the Sea of Azov and the Caspian. MANITO (man'i-to), or MANITOU (-to), among American Indians the name given to a spirit, god, or devil, or what- ever is an object of religious awe or reverence. Two spirits are especially spoken of by this name ; one, the spirit of good and life, the other the spirit of evil. MANITOBA, a Province of the Domin- ion of Canada ; bounded on the N, W. and N. by the Northwest Territories, on the E. by the Province of Ontario, and on the S. by the United States; area, 251,832 square miles, with an approximate land area of 147,152,880 acres, of which about 13,000,000 acres are occupied; pop. (1916) 553,860; capital, Winnipeg. Topography. — The greater part of the province consists of prairie land, in a series of levels known as "steppes" or "benches" and dotted with growths of