Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 06.djvu/114

MAINE United States bonds. There were also 44 mutual and stock savings banks with $97,253,000 in deposits; and 53 trust and loan associations, with $4,599,000 capital. The exchanges at the United States clearing house at Portland during the year ending Sept. 30, 1919, aggregated $129,199,000.

Education.—The school population of the State in 1919 was 228,489. The average daily attendance in elementary schools was 97,638; in secondary schools, 15,247. The total school enrollment in elementary schools was 131,313; in secondary schools, 17,956. There were 4,848 teachers in the elementary schools and 849 in the secondary schools. The average yearly salary in the elementary schools was $462.46, and in the secondary schools, $857.73. The total expenditure in 1919 for elementary schools was $3,892,279, and for secondary schools $1,257,114. The State is well supplied with public high schools and private schools. There are four colleges: Bowdoin College at Brunswick, Bates College at Lewiston, University of Maine at Orono, and Colby College at Waterville.

Churches.—The strongest denominations in the State are the Roman Catholic, Congregational, Methodist Episcopal, Regular Baptist, Freewill Baptist, Advent Christians, Protestant Episcopal, and Universalist.

Finance.—The total expenditures for the year ending Jan. 1, 1919, amounted to $8,199,235, and the receipts to $8,323,521. There was a balance on hand at that date of $1,986,494. The trust funds of the State amount to about $1,600,000.

Transportation.—The total railway mileage in the State in 1919 was 2,304 miles. The Maine Central and the Bangor and Aroostook railroads have the longest mileage. The former is 995 miles long and the latter 630 miles. The Canadian Pacific railroad has 177 miles of track within the State, and the Boston and Maine about 140 miles.

Charities and Corrections.—There are State hospitals at Augusta and Bangor, the Maine School for Feeble-minded, and the Bath Military and Naval Asylum, located at Bath. In addition to these are the Maine Industrial School for Girls at Hallowell, the State School for Boys at South Portland, and the Maine State Prison at Thomaston.

State Government.—The governor is elected for a term of two years and receives a salary of $5,000 per annum. Legislative sessions are held biennially, beginning on the first Wednesday in January, and have no time limit. The

Legislature has 31 members in the Senate and 151 in the House. There are four representatives in Congress. The State government in 1920 was Republican.

History.—The first attempt to settle on the territory was made by the French under De Monts, who, having received a patent from the French king, planted a large colony on Neutral Island in the St. Croix river. In 1613, French Jesuits established a mission on Mount Desert Island, which was expelled by the English the next year. In 1616, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, a leading promoter of colonization in Maine, sent his agent, Richard Vines, with a small company to Saco to remain during the winter, explore the country, and test the climate. Capt. John Smith visited and explored the coast in 1614, examining it as far S. as Cape Cod. In 1620 the King of Great Britain made a division of the grand charter of 1606, and granted to the Plymouth Company in England the whole country lying between lat. 40° and 48° N., and to the Virginia Company the S. portion of the original patent. From 1630 to 1632 settlements were commenced in Saco, Biddeford, Scarboro, Cape Elizabeth, and Portland, all of which continued to prosper till the Indian War of 1625, when they were all overthrown. The territory between the Kennebec and Penobscot rivers was granted by Charles II., in 1664, to his brother, the Duke of York, who had the year before established a seat of government there at the city of Pemaquid, where a strong fort was built. This country was surrendered to Massachusetts in 1686, which took possession, exercised government over it as far E. as Penobscot, which, with all the territory E. to the St. Croix and Nova Scotia, was confirmed to her by the provisional charter of 1691. She afterward relinquished Nova Scotia, but all the remainder was secured to her by the treaty of 1783, which established the independence of the United States, and she retained possession and jurisdiction till the separation of 1820 took place, which constituted Maine a separate and independent member of the Federal Union.  MAINE, an old province of France, having Normandy on the N., Brittany on the W., and Anjou on the S., corresponding to the modern department of Sarthe and Mayenne; its chief town was Le Mans.  MAINE, UNIVERSITY OF, a coeducational non-sectarian institution in Orono, Me.; founded in 1865; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and