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LEFT HRDLICKA 73 HUAYNA CAPAC Academy, His works include: "Ances- tor Worship and Japanese Law"; "The New Japanese Civil Codes as Material for the Study of Comparative Jurispru- dence"; "Hoten-ron, or Treatise on Codi- fication"; "Inkyo-ron, or Treatise on Re- tirement from House-headship"; "Gonin- gumi, or System of Mutual Help and Supervision among Five Families." HRDLICKA, AXES, an American an- thropologist, born in Bohemia in 1869. He was educated in his native country, but coming to the United States he studied medicine at the New York Eclec- tic College and other medical colleges. From 1894 to 1899 he carried on inves- tigations among the insane and other defective classes for New York State. After several years spent in study at Paris and other European cities, he took charge of several expeditions for the American Museum of Natural History. From 1898 to 1903 he was assistant cu- rator in charge of the division of physi- cal anthropology in that institution. From 1901 to 1908 he was assistant edi- tor of the "American Naturalist." He was in charge of several expeditions sent by the American Museum of Natural History for Mexico, and was a member of many scientific societies. His studies on anthropology are regarded as most important. HST7AN T'UNG, a Chinese emperor and the last of the Manchu line. Se- lected by the famous Dowager Empress because of his youth so that she could continue her dominance. The Empress died, however, Nov. 15, 1908 — the day on which Hsuan T'ung succeeded to the throne, his father being appointed re- gent. A policy of liberal measures was inaugurated calculated to check the re- volt against the dynasty, but it was too late. On Feb. 12, 1912, the emperor was compelled to abdicate, receiving a palace and a pension for life from the new gov- ernment. HTTALLAGA (wal-ya'ga), a river of Peru, rising near the Cerro de Pasco, over 14,000 feet above the sea, flowing N. on the E. side of the Central Cordil- leras, breaking through the range at the gorge of Chasuta, and entering the Ma- ranon. Its total length is about 650 miles; it is navigable as far as Yuri- maguas, above which are falls and rapids. HUAMALIES (wa-ma-les'), or GUA- MALIES (gw5-), a province of Peru, department of Junin, on the W. side of the central ridge of the Andes; area, about 3,870 square miles. Minerals, mercury and silver. There are ruins of ancient Peruvian temples, palaces, and fortresses. HUAMANGA (wa-man'ga), or GUA- MANGA (gwa-), a city of Peru, capital of a province of its own name and of the department of Ayacucho, on a tributary of the Apurimac, about 140 miles N. N. W. of Cuzco. This city was founded by Pizarro in 1539, and in this vicinity, in 1824, Sucre defeated the Spaniards and thereby ended their rule in South America. HTJAMANTLA (wa-mant'la), a town of Mexico, State of Tlascala. It was the scene of an engagement, Oct. 9, 1847, be- tween the Mexicans under Santa Ana, and a small force of Americans, in which the former were defeated with consid- erable loss. HXJANACA (wa-na'ka), or GUA- NACO (g-wa-na'ko), a species of the same genus with the llama, vicuiia, and alpaca, of which some naturalists sup- pose it to be the wild original. It is found not only on the Andes, but throughout great part of Patagonia. It is of a reddish-brown color, the ears and hind legs gray. HUANCAVELICA (wan-ka-va-le'ka), a department of Peru, entirely within the Cordilleras; area 8,710 square miles; pop. about 225,000. The climate is cold and raw on the mountains, where sheep, cattle, and llamas are herded, and hot in the deep valleys, where sugar is grown. The chief riches are in the mines, especially of silver and quick- silver. The capital, Huancavelica, pop. about 6,500, is a mining town in the Sierras. Most of the inhabitants work in the famous quicksilver mines close by. HTJANUCO (wa'no-ko), a department of Peru; area 23,000 square miles; pop. about 150,000. Mining and agi-iculture are the chief industries. The capital, Huanuco, lies in a valley on the Hual- laga, amid plantations of coffee and sugar. Pop. about 7,500. HUANUCO BARK, the gray or silver cinchona bark imported in the form of quills from around Huanuco in Peru. It is the produce of Cinchona micrantha. HUAYNA CAPAC (wa-e'na ka'pak), a Peruvian Inca; born in Cuzco, Peru, about 1490; was absolute despot of his country and made many conquests, and in his will divided the empire between two of his sons; was on the throne when the first Spanish expedition invaded Peru. He died in Tumipampa, Ecuador, in 1523.