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LEFT HOWE 71 HOWITZER People" (1903); "Life and Letters of George Bancroft" (1908); "Life and Labors of Bishop Hare" (1911); "The Boston Symphony Orchestra" (1914). He edited "Home Letters of General Sherman" (1909). He was a member of the Harvard Volunteers in Europe in 1916. HOWE, SAMUEL GRIDLEY, an American philanthropist; born in Boston, Nov. 10, 1801. He was graduated at Brown University in 1821, and at the Harvard Medical School in 1824. He served as a surgeon during the Greek War of Independence from 1824 to 1827, organizing the medical staff of the Greek army. In 1831 he went to Paris to study the methods of educating the blind, and, having become mixed up in the Polish insurrection, spent six weeks in a Prussian prison. On his return to Bos- ton he established a school for the blind, his most famous pupil being Laura Bridgman. He also established a school for the training of idiots. In 1351-1853, assisted by his wife, he edited the anti- slavery "Commonwealth," and "The Cretan," for the Greek cause. He died in Boston, Mass., Jan. 9, 1876. HOWE, SIR WILLIAM, an English general; born Aug. 10, 1729. He was a brother of Admiral Richard Howe and successor of General Gage in the com- mand of the British forces in America. His first exploit was the battle of Bunker Hill (1775), in which he lost one-third of his men present in the action. In August, 1776, he gained the battle of Long Island and took New York City. He obtained an advantage over the Americans at Brandywine in September, 1777, in consequence of which Philadel- phia was occupied by his army. At his own request he was recalled in 1778, and was succeeded by Sir Henry Clinton. He died July 12, 1814. HOWELL, CLARK, an American ed- itor; born in Barnwell co., South Caro- lina, in 1863. He graduated University of Georgia in 1883. He became con- nected with the Atlanta "Constitution" in the following year, and on the death of Henry W. Grady, succeeded the lat- ter's position as managing editor. He became editor in chief in 1897. From 1886 to 1891 he was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives and acted as speaker in 1890-1891. He was a member and president of the State Senate from 1900 to 1906. From 1892 he was a member of the Democratic Na- tional Committee. HO WELLS, WILLIAM DEAN, an American author; born in Martin's Ferry, 0., March 1, 1837. He learned the printer's trade with his father; was afterward assistant editor on the "Ohio State Journal"; published a life of Abra- ham Lincoln and a volume of poems; and was appointed in 1861 United States consul at Venice. On his return m 18G5 he joined the staff of the "Nation," be- came editor of the "Atlantic Monthly," editorial contributor to "Harper's Maga- zine," but made himself known chiefly WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS as a writer of novels. Among his works are "Venetian Life," "Italian Journeys," "A Chance Acquaintance," "A Foregone Conclusion,' "The Lady of the Aroos- took," "Dr. Breen's Practice," "A Modern Instance," "The Rise of Silas Lapham," "Indian Summer," "Their Silver Wed- ding Journey," "Literary Friends and Acquaintances," etc. Among his novels may be mentioned "New Leaf Mills" (1913); "Years of My Youth" (1915); "The Leatherwood God" (1916), edited; "Library of Universal Adventure"; etc. The National Institute of Arts and Let- ters awarded him a gold medal in 1915 for meritorious work in fiction. He died in 1920. HOWITZER (how'itz-er), a _ cannon, differing from ordinary guns in being shorter and lighter in proportion to its bore, and used for throwing shells or case-shot only, with comparatively small charges. Fn the World War (1914- 1918) the Germans used extensively heavy howitzers and mortars, especially the 11-inch guns made by Krupp and Eberhardt. These were effective in re- ducing the Belgian forts, which were not