Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 05.djvu/529

LEFT LEMON 453 LEMUR the ceiling in the Hall of Hercules at Versailles. In a fit of insanity he put an end to his life in Paris, June 4, 1737. LEMON, the fruit of a small tree (Citrus Limonwn) belonging to the same natural order as the orange (Au~ rantiaceae). There are many varieties of the lemon, but they may all be in- cluded under the following four distinct types: (1) The common or Genoa lemon, which is the most plentiful in the shops. (2) The thin-skinned lemon, which is of large size, having a thin, smooth shining fragrant rind. The pulp is very delicate and juicy, with a deli- cious aroma. (3) The sweet lemon, which, while having the external appear- ance of the lemon, has the pulp sweet like that of the orange. (4) The citron lemon, or the Ligurian lemon of com- merce. It is a large oblong fruit, with a thick, rough warted rind, which is eat- able. The pulp, however, is the least delicate of all lemons. The peculiar and grateful flavor of the juice of the lemon is mainly due to citric acid. The most valuable of its properties, however, is the prevention and cure of scurvy. The well known use of the rind, either fresh or preserved, in the cook's and the con- fectioner's arts for flavoring and orna- menting dishes, cakes, and candies need only be alluded to. The essential oil is obtained from the rind. The lemon is largfely cultivated in all the warmer countries of the S. of Europe and those bordering on the Mediterranean, and it is naturalized in some parts of South America and in the East and West In- dies, and in parts of Australia. The oil or essence of lemons is extract- ed from the fresh lemon peel either by pressure or by distillation. It enters into most perfumes, such as eau de Cologne, etc. The so-called salt of lemons, or salt of sorrel, is the binoxalate of potash. LEMON, MARK, an English humor- ist; born in London, England, Nov. 30, 1809. About 1825 he wrote a farce, the first of a long series of melodramas, operettas, etc. He produced, moreover, several novels (the best, perhaps, "Falk- ner Lyle," 1866), children's stories, and essays, and appeared as a lecturer and public reader. In 1841 he helped to es- tablish "Punch," of which for the first two years he was joint-editor with Henry Mayhew, and thereafter sole editor till his death, in Crawley, Sussex, May 23, 1870. LE MOYNE, CHARLES, a French pioneer; born in Normandy, France, in 1626. Proceeding to Canada in 1641, he lived among the Huron tribe of Indians and fought with the Iroquois. In 1668 Louis XIV. made him Seigneur de Longueuil, and afterward also de Cha- teauguay. He was for several years Captain of Montreal, and died in 1683. Of his 11 sons, nearly all became distin- guished. The eldest, Charles, Baron de Longueuil, was born in 1656, and in his youth served in the French army. He was made governor of Montreal and baron in 1700, and became commandant- general of the colony. He died at Mont- real in 1729. His descendant, Charles COLMOR Grant, had his Canadian title of 7th Baron de Longueuil officially recognized by the queen in 1880. An- other son, Joseph, became an officer in the French navy, and in 1694-1697 brought vessels to Hudson bay to co- operate with land forces under his brother Iberville. He subsequently conveyed colonists to Louisiana, sur- veyed its coast, and aided in capturing Pensacola. LEMPRIERE, JOHN (loufi^-pre-ar'), a British educator; born in Jersey, about 1765. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford. He was in turn head-mas- ter of Abingdon and Exeter grammar schools, rector of Meeth in Devonshire and of Newton-Petrock in the same county. His famous "Classical Diction- ary" (1788) remained for many years the standard work of reference in Eng- land on ancient mythology, biography, and geography. Another work of Lempriere's was "Universal Biography" (1808). He died in London, England, Feb. 1, 1824. LEMUR, the name of the typical genus of the sub-family Leynurinae. Habitat, Madagascar and the adjacent islands. It contains many species. Gen- eric characteristics : Long snout, small flat skull, long body, with narrow flanks. Hind limbs rather longer than the foi'e, long furry tail, hands and feet short, with a broad great toe; ears tufted or hairy, and moderate in length. In some kinds the head is surrounded by a ruff of fur; the color varies even in indi- viduals of the same species. The true lemurs are diurnal arboreal animals, principally f rugivorous, but feeding occa- sionally on birds' eggs, and even small birds. The Galeopithecidx or flying lemurs are represented by a single genus includ- ing a few species. The flying membrane or patagium, from which their peculiar characteristics are derived, connects the fore and hind limbs, extending along the sides of the body and of the neck, and