Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 05.djvu/49

LEFT HOHENLOHE-SCHILLINGSFURST 33 HOLBEIN Ebersburg, and 33 miles E. of Munich. Here in 1800 the French, under Moreau, defeated the Austrians commanded by the Archduke John, which event brought about the peace of Luneville. HOHENLOHE - SCHILLINGSFURST, CLOVIS KARL VICTOR, PRINCE VON (h5"en-lo"uh-shel"engs-f6rst), Ger- man statesman; born March 31, 1819. After studying' at Heidelberg he entered the public service, becoming in 1866 ' Prime Minister of Bavaria. In 1874 he was chosen to succeed Count Arnim as the German ambassador to France, and held the post till 1885, when he became governor -general of Alsace-Lorraine. When the crisis which resulted in the resignation of Count Caprivi and Count Eulenburg arose, in 1894, he was ap- pointed Chancellor. He resigned in 1900. He married Princess Sayn-Witt- genstein, a daughter of a famous Rus- sian general. Died in 1901. HOHENSCHWANGAIT ^ (ho"en- shvang"ou), a royal castle in Bavaria, 55 miles from Munich, near the right . bank of the Lech, 2,933 feet above sea level. It was purchased in 1832 by the crown-prince Maximilian of Bavaria, who restored it in the style of a mag- nificent mediaeval feudal castle. HOHENSTAUFFEN (ho-en-stou'fen) , a German family, founded by Frederick von Biiren, who lived about 1040. His son fought valiantly under the Emperor Henry IV. in the battle of Merseburg, in 1080, and received the hand of the emperor's daughter Agnes, together with the dukedom of Suabia, in 1081. Con- rad, his grandson, was elected Emperor of Germany, Feb. 22, 1138. Conrad III. was succeeded as emperor by his nephew, Frederick I., surnamed Barbarossa, 1152-1190; and the imperial throne was occupied by his son and grandson till 1254. The sole and last survivor of the Hohenstauffen race, Conradin, tried to regain the family heritage; but defeated in the battles of Benevento, Feb. 26, 1266, and of Tagliacozzo, Aug. 23, 1268, he was made prisoner and beheaded at Naples, Oct. 29, 1268. HOHENZOLLERN (ho-en-tsoPurn), a small territory of Germany, since 1852 an administrative division of Prussia. It consists of a long, narrow, irregufer strip of country, entirely surrounded by Wiirttemberg and Baden. Area, 441 square miles. Pop. (1910) 71,611. The princely family of Hohenzollern dates from Thassilo, Count of Zollern, who died about a. d. 800. There have been several lines and branches, the main one being the family of which the cx-Eni- peror Wilhelm II., now an exile in Hol- land, is the head. HOKUSAI, a celebrated Japanese art- ist. Born in Tokyo in 1760 he left home at the age of 13 and worked in an en- graver's shop for five years when he left to study designing with one of the famous Japanese artists. Losing his po- sition because of his original work which was displeasing to his master, he tried illustrating and later peddling without much success. It was 1810 before he can be said to have made a success of his art. In that year he opened a school and soon had more pupils than he could accommodate. His greatest work was his "Ten Thousand Sketches," which ap- peared in 1836. His work was popular in the best sense of that word and free from the conventionality that character- ized his contemporaries. He died in 1849. HOLACANTHUS (hol-a-kan'thus), a genus of fishes, in character and distri- bution similar to the Chsetodon. They are remarkable for the gi-eat beauty and symmetry of their colors, and for their excellence as articles of food. The body is compressed, and the gill-cover bears a strong spine. One of the best known of the 40 species, called Emperor of Ja- pan by the Dutch, is H. imperator, one of the most esteemed fishes of the East Indies, rivalling the salmon in flavor. Its greatest size is about 15 inches long; its color is deep blue, with numerous narrow bands of orange, the pectoral fins black, the tail bright yellow. In beauty it is rivalled by an allied species, H. diacanthus, of similar distribution. HOLADIN, an extract of the pan- creas, used in medicine for the treatment of indigestion. Its properties are sim- ilar to those of the pancreatic juice, and it acts upon starch, protein and fat in such a manner as to render them easily digestible. It is generally administered in the form of capsules. HOLBACH, PAUL HEINRICH DIETRICH, BARON VON, a French philosopher; born in Heidelsheim, in the Palatinate, in 1723. He inherited great wealth from his father, and entertained in his elegant house Rousseau, Diderot, and Buffon. He held materialistic and atheistic views, which are expounded in "Christianity Unveiled" (1767); "Spirit of the Clergy" (1767); "Sacerdotal Im- posture" (1767); "The System of Na- ture" (1770); "The Social System" (1773). He died in 1789. HOLBEIN, HANS, or JOHANN (hol'bTn), a German painter; born in Augsburg about 1495. He learned the