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LEFT LAMPMAN 406 LANCASHIRE and tar, or some of the cheap oily prod- ucts obtained from it. The supply of air is limited or controlled so as to pro- duce a smoky flame, and the smoke passes into a chamber with some ar- rangement for receiving the abundant deposit of soot. A large quantity of lamp-black has been made in the United States by the imperfect combustion of natural gas. Lampblack is a useful pig- ment for artists both in oil and water color, a coarser kind being employed by house-painters. It is the chief ingredient in Indian ink, and along with boiled lin- seed oil, forms printing ink. Of it is formed the pigment for the carbon paper used in autotypography. Lampblack is also employed in the preparation of some kinds of leather, and for various other purposes. LAMPMAN, ARCHIBALD, a Cana- dian poet; born in Morpeth, County Kent, Ontario, Nov. 17, 1861. He was a graduate of Trinity College, Toronto (1882), and after 1883 held an appoint- ment in the Postoffice Department at Ot- tawa. He published two collections of poems, "Among the Millet" (1888), and Lyrics of Earth (1895). He died in Ottawa, Feb. 10, :.j99. LAMPREY, the genus Petromyzon. There are two dorsal fins, both far back on the body. The sea, or spotted lam- prey, P. Tnarinus, is an eel-like fish, nearly three feet long, greenish-brown, marbled with darker brown and green on the back and sides. It attaches itself to rocks, boats, and to other fishes, by the mouth, exhausting the air. It is found in the United States, in England, and Africa. The fringe-lipped lamprey (P. branchialis) is called also the Sand- piper {q.v.), the river lamprey, and the lampern. Lampreys, the family Petro- myzontidse, consists of eel-like fishes, with a naked skin and undergoing a metamorphosis. Their larval form was taken for a distinct fish, and was called ammocsetes. LAMPSHELLS, the familiar designa- tion of certain brachiopodous mollusks, especially those of the genus Terebratula, which when closed bear a close resem- blance to the shape of the old Roman lamp. LAMSACTJS (lam'sa-kos), or LAM- SAKI (lam'sa-ke) (ancient Lampsacus), a maritime village of Asia Minor, on the Hellespont, nearly opposite Gallipoli. It was in ancient times given by Xerxes to Themistocles. LAMU (la'mo), an island and town on the coast of East Africa; lat. 2° 20' S., the administration of which was granted in 1889 to the Imperial British East Africa Company. LANA, a kind of close-grained, tough wood, obtained from the Genipa atneri- cana, a tree of the Cinchona family, and a native of British Guiana. The fruit, called genipap, yields a pigment called lana dye, used by the natives to stain their skins. LANARK, the county town of Lanark- shire, Scotland; on a slope near the Clyde; 33 miles S. W. of Edinburgh. It has some weaving and other industries; pop. about 5,900. New Lanark, l^^ miles S. by W., is a small manufacturing village founded in 1783 by David Dale, and for 28 years the scene of the social experiments of his son-in-law, Robert Owen. LANARKSHIRE, a south-western county oi Scotland, bounded on the N. by the counties of Dumbarton and Stir- ling, on the E. by Prebleshire, Mid- lothian and Linlithgowshire, and on the S. by Dumfriesshire. The county em- braces the valley of the Clyde, and the surface is diversified, being level in the N. W. and hilly towards the S. The loftiest height is Colter Fell. There are important mines in the N., the chief min- erals being coal, lead and iron. In these mines are found the iron ore used in the iron-works of Glasgow, and the ship- building at Govan and Partick. Much of the soil is marsh, but there is consid- erable agriculture, as well as stock rais- ing. The capital is Lanark. Area, 897 square miles. Pop. about 1,500,000. LANCASHIRE, a northwestern county of England, bounded on the N. by Cumberland and Westmoreland, E. and S. by Yorkshire and Cheshire; and W. by the Irish Sea. The surface near the sea is level, but it gradually rises towards Cumberland and Yorkshire. The principal rivers are the Mersey, Rib- ble and Wyre. Though the wealth of the county is largely industrial, there is considerable agriculture, the chief prod- ucts being wheat, oats and potatoes. It is rich in minerals, particularly in iron and coal. The cotton manufactures are extensive, particularly round Manches- ter, and other industries include the pro- duction of soaps, glass, silk, woolens and machinery. The shipbuilding yards are important. Liverpool, Manchester, Pres- ton and Lancaster are the principal cities, and the valley of the Mersey be- tween Liverpool and Manchester is the most thickly populated region in Eng- land, outside of London. Area, 1,869 square miles. Pop. about 5,000,000.