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LEFT LAMMEBGEIER 405 LAMPBLACK vine commission to Peter, "Feed my lambs." Others state that it is a cor- ruption of the Saxon Loaf-^nass, because an annual feast was then celebrated to return thanks for the first-fruits of corn. LAMMERGEIEB (lem-mer-gi'er) {Gypaetos barbatus), a large bird of prey, also called the bearded vulture or bearded griffin. The full-grown bird is of a shining brownish-black color on the upper parts, with a white stripe along the shaft of each feather; the head is whitish, with black stripes at the eyes; the neck and underpart of the body are rusty yellow. It is the largest bird of prey in the Old World, measuring al- most 4 feet high when sitting, nearly 5 feet in length, and from 9 to 10 feet in expanse of wing. Though by no means brave, it is bold and rapacious, swoop- ing down on hares, Iambs, young goats, chamois, etc. Once common in the Alps, it is now very rare, but occurs not infre- quently in Sardinia, the Pyrenees, North African mountains, and the Himalayas. LAMMERMOOR, or LAMMERMTJIR (-mur') HILLS, a range of Scotch hills stretching in a generally E. direction from S. E. Midlothian to the German Ocean at St. Abb's Head, and forming part of the boundary between Berwick and Haddington shires. Highest sum- mit Lamraer Law, 1,733 feet. LAMONT, DANIEL SCOTT, an Amer- ican executive officer; born in Cortland- ville, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1851; was educated at Union College and engaged in jour- nalism; private secretary to President Cleveland in 1885-1889 and Secretary of War 1893-1897, then vice-president of Northern Pacific R. R. Co., died 1905. LAMONT, THOMAS WILLIAM, an American banker and philanthropist, bom at Claverack, N. Y., in 1870. He graduated from Harvard University in 1892. After some time spent in news- paper work he became secretary and treasurer of the Bankers Trust Co., New York. In 1911 he was made a member of the firm of J. P. Morgan & Co., and was a director in many important finan- cial institutions. During the World War he rendered efficient service both in the United States and in France as an official of the Red Cross. He also acted as financial adviser in Paris during the session of the Peace Conference. LA MOTTE-FOUQUE (-fo-ka'), FRIEDBICH, BARON DE, a German author; born in Brandenburg, Feb. 12, 1777. Entering the army, he served in the campaign of the Rhine, and fought the French for the liberty of Germany in the beginning of the 19th century. His first works appeared under the name of "Pellegn^in''; which contributed to fan the flame of patriotic ardor which led his countrymen to final victory. Leaving the army in 1831, he removed to Halle, where he delivered lectures on poetry and history. "Undine" gained him a world-wide reputation. Among his other works are "Sintram," a fairy tale; "As- lauga's Knight"; and the poems, "Sig- urd," "Corona," "Bertrand du Guesclin," etc. He died in Berlin, Jan. 23, 1843. LAMP, a vessel used for the combus- tion of liquid inflammable bodies, for the purpose of producing artificial light. The invention of the lamp is ascribed to the Egyptians. In treating of the con- struction of modern lamps, it is neces- sary to take into consideration the nature of the flame. In order to insure a con- stant and steady flame, it is necessary that the supply of combustible mattter be steady and uniform. It must, there- fore, be either in a liquid or gaseous state, so that it may approach the flame in an uninterrupted current. The com- bustible substance may either be made to approach the flame by capillary attrac- tion through wicKs, or by mechanical pressure. The invention and introduc- tion of the Argand Lamp (<7. v.) (1789) made a revolution in illumination. The introduction of mineral oils as il- luminants caused a great variation in the construction of lamps, and a host of patents have been taken out for paraffin or kerosene lamps, some of which equal gas in illuminating power. The central draft-lamp using a round tubular wick that is raised or lowered by a rod operat- ing a spurred wheel is one of the most popular. Lamps are now extensively used for heating and cooking, a double or triple flat wick being employed. In the United States and Europe vapor lamps are employed. In these, which consume the volatile hydrocarbon obtained from the products of the distillation of bi- tuminous coal, the liquid is converted into vapor before it reaches the burner, and burned without the need of a wick. Some employ mantles. They are there- fore distinguished as vapor or self-gen- erating gas lamps. In 1868 a lighthouse lamp for burning mineral oils was in- troduced, and has been adopted in all parts of the world. These lamps have two or more concentric wicks, and yield a very powerful light. A safety lamp, used evervwhere by miners, was invented in 1815. ' LAMPBLACK, the soot or amorphous cai-bon obtained by burning bodies rich in that element, such as resin, petroleum,