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LEFT HOFFMAN 30 HOFMANN in 1891. He was employed as statisti- cian by many organizations and made important researches in ethnology and kindred subjects. He was the author of "The Race Traits and Tendencies of the American Negro" (1896); "Fatal Acci- dents in Coal Mining" (1910) ; "Mor- tality from Cancer Throughout the World" (1915); "Mortality from Res- piratory Diseases in Dusty Trades" (1917). HOFFMAN, or HOFFMANN, the name of several Germans distinguished for their medical knowledge. Moritz Hoffmann, a German scientist; born in Fiirstenwalde, Brandenburg, in 1621; settled at Altorf, where he held the pro- fessorships of anatomy, botany, and physic; was the discoverer of the pan- creatic duct; died in 1698. Friedrich Hoffman, a German physician; born in Halle, Saxony, 1660. He studied and lectured at Jena, and afterward prac- ticed at Minden. On the establishment of the University of Halle, he was ap- pointed primary professor of medicine and natural philosophy; and thrice held the situation of rector. He was elected a member of various scientific associations in London, Berlin, and St. Petersburg; and appointed physician to the KLing of Prussia. His works include "System of Rational Medicine" and "Consultary Medicine." He died in 1742. HOFFMANN, AUGUST HEINRICH (hof'man), commonly called Hoffmann VON Fallersleben, a German philol- ogist; born in Fallersleben, Liineburpr, April 2, 1798. He was destined for theology, but devoted himself to philo- logical studies. In 1830 he was appoint- ed Professor of German Literature, but the publication of his "Unpolitical Songs" (1840-1841), in spite of their innocent title, led to his dismissal. For several years afterward he wandered through Europe till restored to favor in 1848. His own "Poems" (1834); "German Street Songs" (1843); "Soldier Songs" (1851-1852) ; etc., are characterized by genuine simplicity and pathos; and his other publications— "Belgian Hours" (1830-1852); "Foundations for the His- tory of the German Language and Lit- erature" (1830-1837) ; "History of Ger- man Church Hymn" (1832), are of great Pji^ological value. He died Jan. 19, lo74. HOFFMANN, ERNST THEODOB WILHELM, a German novelist and mis- cellaneous writer ; born in Konigsberg, in 1776. He studied law, and held va- rious judicial appointments in Poland, till his legal career was interrupted by the invasion of Warsaw by the French in 1816, in the government of which city he had been appointed counsellor. He devoted his leisure time to the study o': music and romance writing. Among his works are "Fantasy Pieces," "The Devil's Elixir," "The Entail," "The Ad- versary," etc., all displaying a singu- larly wild and romantic imagination. He died in 1882. HOFMANN, AUGUST WILHELM, a German chemist; born in Giessen, April 8, 1818. After obtaining the degree of doctor of philosophy, he became assist- ant to Liebig in the laboratory at Gies- sen. It v/as in the course of researches that from coal-products he obtained ani- line. His "Introduction to Modern Chemistry" led to great reforms in the teaching of chemistry. He died May 5, 1892. ^ * HOFMANN, JOSEF, a famous Polish musician; born in Cracow in 1877, but at present residing in America. After studying with his father, a celebrated musician of Warsaw, and with Rubin- stein, he made his debut as a pianist JOSEF HOFMANN when but six years of age, and proved himself one of the most celebrated of musical prodigies. When he was ten years old, having already toured Europe, he came to America. Returning to Eu- rope he lived in retirement until 1894 when he again toured the Continent and the United States. No living pianist is his superior, and he is equally at home in cla.ssic. romantic or modern music.