Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 05.djvu/451

LEFT KUFIC COINS 375 KXILM Himalayas do the S. Starting from the Pamir plateau, the Kuen Lun extends E. The peaks of this region measure from 18,000 to 25,000 feet in altitude, and the passes from 13,000 to 18,000 feet. These mountains were almost unknown till the explorations of the Russian General Prjevalski, 1876-1888. KUFIC COINS, the early Mohamme- dan coins engraved with inscriptions in Wie Kufic or epigraphic Arabic character, as distinguished from the Neskhi or cursive writing; but the term is often applied erroneously to Arabic coins in general. KUH-HORN, a musical instrument made of wood or bark with a cupped mouthpiece, formerly employed by the mountaineers of Switzerland and other countries to convey signals or alarms in war time, but now only used by cow- herds — hence the name. KtfHLMANN, EICHABD VON, a German statesman. Prior to the out- break of the World War he served as secretary to many important embassies, notably that of London. When in the middle of 1917 Chancellor Michaelis be- came head of imperial affairs, Kiihlmann was given the post of Secretary for Foreign Affairs, succeeding Dr. Alfred Zimmermann. Kiihlmann's most impor- tant work was the negotiating of the peace of Brest-Litovsk between the Bol- sheviki and Germany. Although it was fairly well known that he did not ap- prove of the extreme annexationist plans of the military party he was forced to accede to their wishes in every par- ticular. In 1918 in the course of an address in the Reichstag, he made the remark that neither side could hope to win a complete victory but that the peace must be one of compromise. For this the military party under Ludendorff demanded his resignation. KUHN, JOSEPH E., an American military officer; born in Kansas, in 1864. He r:as graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1885, and from the Engineering School of Applica- tion in 1888. He was com.missioned a 2nd lieutenant in 1885 and reached the rank of major-general in 1917. He saw service in the Spanish-American War, served as instructor at the United States Military Academy, was a military ob- server during the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), assistant to the comman- dant at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., and director of the Engineering School (1909 to 1912). During the World War he served as a military attache and observer in the war zone, from 1914 to 1916, commanded Camp Meade, Md. (1917), and was in command of the 79th Division from August, 1917, to June, 1919. KXJKA, or KUKAWA. a town in western Africa, the capital of Bornu, about 20 miles W. from the S. W. shores of Lake Tchad. KU-KLUX KLAN, a secret American organization which, said to have been founded in 1866 at Pulaski, Tenn., orig- inally for purposes of amusement only, soon developed into an association of "regulators." The proceedings of the Ku-Klux in the Southern States are one feature of the determined struggle to withhold from the emancipated slaves the right of voting. The outrages and murders which convulsed the country in 1868-1869 ended in the calling out of troops and the formal disbandment of the society in March of the latter year; but its name and often its disguises were used for years to cover the violence of political desperadoes. KULANAPAN, a linguistic stock of North American Indians, also called Porno, and Mendocino Indians. They were once a powerful people and occu- pied a large section of Northwestern California, but now only a few scattered individuals survive. KULJA (kol'ya), a town of Zungaria, central Asia, on one of the great high- ways leading from China to West Tur- kestan, and on the Hi. This river rises on the N. slope of the Tian-Shan Moun- tains, and flows N. and N. W. into Lake Balkhash, after a course of about 750 miles. Kulja is the chief town of a fer- tile district that produces excellent corn, rice, cotton, tobacco, wine, and fruits, while its pastures support large herds of horses, camels, cattle, and sheep. This district (Kulja or Hi) revolted against China in 1865, was occupied by Russia in 1871, but 10 years later restored to the Chinese. Russic^., however, retained 4,357 square miles of the W. part, now incorporated in the province of Semir- yetchensk. The Chinese province has an area of 23,130 square miles and a popu- lation between 70,000 and 80,000. The town of Kulja has about 10,000 popula- tion, mostly Chinese inhabitants. New Kulja, 25 miles to the W., was destroyed by the rebels in 1866. KULM, a village of Bohemia. It was the scene of a bloody conflict between the French and the allied Prussians and Russians in 1813. The result was the complete wreck of the French army, which lost in two days little short of