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LEFT KNOXVILLE COLLEGE 362 KOCK, DE braries, the Eastern State Insane Asy- lum, State Institutions for White and Black Deaf Mutes, the Lawson McGhee Memorial, etc. The city was founded in 1792; chartered as a city in 1815; and was enlarged by incorporating West Knoxville and North Knoxville in 1888 and 1889 respectively. Pop. (1910) 36,- 346; (1920) 77,818. KNOXVILLE COLLEGE, an institu- tion for higher education, at Knoxville, Tenn., founded in 1876. There were in the autumn of 1919, 500 students and 25 instructors. President, J. K. Giffen. KNUCKLE JOINT, a joint in which a projection on each leg or leaf of a machine or implement is inserted in cor- responding recesses in the other, the two being connected by a pin or a pivot on which they mutually turn. The legs of dividers and the leaves of butt-hinges are examples of the true knuckle joint. The term, however, is somewhat com- monly applied to joints in which the mo- tion is not confined to one place. KNUR AND SPELL (called by Strutt "Northern Spell"), an old English game played with a ball, which is "risen" from a trap and hit with a bat made for the purpose. The ball, called the "knur," is made of wood, a little bigger than a wal- nut. The bat, called a "tripstick," as it is also used to spring the trap or "spell," consists of a piece of hard wood, 6 by 4 inches, and 1 inch thick (the pommel), attached to a supple handle from 3 to 4 feet long, which the player grasps with both hands, giving the full swing of his body with the stroke. The game consists of the cumulative distance of a given number of strokes, the player who has the greatest number of yards being the winner. KNYSNA, a forest tract and elephant preserve, extending from the sea to the Outeniqua Mountains in Cape Colony, 150 miles W. of Port Elizabeth. KOALA, the genus Phascolarctos, and specially P. cinereus, the native bear or native sloth of the Australian colonies. It is a tailless, but pouched animal, about two feet long, with a stout body and limbs, a small head, moderate-sized ears, well-developed feet, and ash-gray fur. It feeds on the tender shoots of the blue gum tree, which the natives climb to ef- fect its capture. KOBBE, GUSTAV, an American au- thor; born in New York, March 4, 1857; was graduated at Columbia University m 1877 and at its Law School in 1879; and later engaged in newspaper and magazine work. He is author of "The Ring of the Nibelung" (1889); "Wag- ner's Life and Works" (1890) ; "My Rosary and Other Poems" (1896) ; "New York and Its Environs"; "Signora" (1906); "Wagner and His Isolde" (1905), "How to Appreciate Musicf' (1906); "Modern Women" (1916). He died in 1918. KOBE, a port of Central Japan; on the W. shore of the Gulf of Ozaka, about 20 miles S. of that city. Pop. about 500,- 000. The foreign settlement is finely laid out, and the town is one of the most attractive and prosperous in Japan. It has been open to foreign trade since 1868. Kobe has direct communication with Great Britain, Germany, Canada, and Australia. KOBOLD, a spirit, differing from the specter in never having been a living human creature. It is the German cor- respondent of the English goblin, of which it is probably the origin. From it the metal cobalt derives its name. The kobold is said to be connected with a house or family, and always to appear in human shape. In the mines they are believed to appear, sometimes in the form of a blue flame, sometimes in that of a dwarfish child, and to point out rich veins. KOCH, ROBERT (koh), a German bacteriologist; born in Klausthal, in the Harz Mountains, Dec. 11, 1843. He studied medicine at Gottingen, receiving his doctor's degree in 1866. In 1879 he had begun his investigations of the causes of consumption, and on March 24, 1882, he announced the discovery of the tubercle bacillus before the Physiological Society of Berlin. In 1883 he was made a privy-councilor and placed in charge of the German expedition sent to Egypt and India to investigate the causes of cholera. This journey resulted in the discovery of the comma bacillus, or cholera germ, in May, 1884. He was rewarded with a gift of $25,000 by the government, and imperial titles and hon- ors were showered upon him. In 1885 he was appointed a professor in the Uni- versity of Berlin, the new chair of hy- giene being created for him, and di- rector of the Hygienic Institute. In 1901 he announced his conclusion that meat from tuberculous cattle may be safely eaten. He died May 27, 1910. KOCHAB, a star of the third magni- tude in Ursa Minor, "The Little Bear," and which in the time of Ptolemy was the actual pole-star. KOCK, CHARLES PAUL DE (kok) , a French novelist and playwright; born