Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 05.djvu/408

LEFT KHABABOVSK 340 KHERSON KHABAROVSK, the capital of the maritime province of Siberia, situated at the junction of the Amur and Ussuri rivers. The fur trade is of considerable importance in this section, and as the terminal of one of the branches of the Trans-Siberian railroad, a share of this commerce goes to this town. Pop. about 60,000. KHAKI, a dust-colored cloth now em- ployed as material in army uniform by the principal governments, and valued on account of its aid toward invisibility in the field. It was first used by British regiments in India, but modifications have been introduced in the United States and other countries, an olive shade of cotton being employed. KHALIL PASHA, a Turkish soldier. He commanded the Turkish army that fought the British under General Towns- hend during the siege of Kut on the Tigris in the Mesopotamian campaigns of 1915. The British had already progressed be- yond Kut, but finding the Turkish forces stronger than was expected they fell back on Kut. The city was then invested by the forces under Khalil Pasha, who attacked it repeatedly during a period of 147 days, at the end of which time, on April 29, 1916, the British forces under General Townshend surrendered to the Pasha. KHAXKAS COUNTRY, a region in the Chinese empire in the N. part of Mongolia. The surface is mostly moun- tainous, but there are also vast and fer- tile plains. In the S. it comprises part of the desert of Gobi. It contains many large lakes. It is divided into four khanats, governed by native chiefs tribu- tary to the Chinese. The inhabitants are Mongol Tartars. KHAN, an Asiatic governor ; a king, a prince, a chief. Also an inn, a caravan- sary; of these there are two kinds, one for travelers and pilgrims, where lodg- ing is provided free; the other for trad- ers, where a small charge is made and a toll or duty charged on goods sold therein. KHANDESH (khan-dash'), a district of British India, Bombay presidency, forming the most N. portion of the Dec- can tableland, and intersected by the Tapti river. In 1906 it was divided into two districts. West and East Khandesh. Pop. about 960,000. KHARKOV (karTvov), the capital of the Russian province of Kharkov, and one of the chief towns of the Ukraine; 465 miles S. by W. of Moscow. It is the seat of a Greek bishop and of a university. This university was an energetic center of the Nihilist move- ment, especially previous to the assassi- nation of Alexander II. in 1881. Pop. about 250,000. The province situated in Little Russia has an area of 21,041 square miles; pop. about 3,500,000. KHARTUM, a town in the Eastern Sudan, on the left bank of the Blue Nile, near its junction with the White Nile. It has sprung up since 1830, and was the capital of and largest town in the Egyptian Sudan, and the emporium of a large trade, ivory, gums, ostrich feathers, senna, etc., being exchanged for European goods, and slaves being also dealt in. It was the scene of Gordon's heroic defense against the insurgent Sudanese, and of his death in January, 1885. It was taken and held by the Mahdi and his successor, the Khalifa, till September, 1898, when it was recaptured by General Kitchener. Pop. about 70,000. KHAYA (ka'uh), a genus of trees of the order Cedrelacex. The kassou-khaye of Senegal {K. Senegalensis), one of the most abundant forest trees in that part of Africa, attains a height of 80 or 100 feet, and is much valued for its timber, called cailcedra, or African mahogany, which is reddish colored, very hard, dur- able, and of beautiful grain. KHAYYAM, OMAR. See Omar Khayyam. KHEDIVE (ka-dev'), the official title of the Pasha or Governor of Egypt; it implies a rank superior to a prince or viceroy, but inferior to that of an inde- pendent monarch. KHELAT, capital of Baluchistan, and the residence of the Khan. The houses of the city are mostly mud huts and the industries, excepting that in rude pot- tery, are negligible. The English occu- pied the city in the Afghan War in 1839 after a considerable resistance on the part of the garrison. Since 1877 a British agent with a military escort has been the real ruler of the city. Pop. about 15,000. KHERSON, the capital of the former Russian province of that name (area, 27,337 square miles; pop. about 4,000,000) ; on the Dnieper, N. E. of Odessa. The tovim was laid out by Prince Potemkin in 1778 as a port for the construction of ships of war. It has a large tirade in timber, and manu- factures soap", tallow, beer, and tobacco. Wool cleansing is an important industry. At Kherson Potemkin is buried, and