Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 05.djvu/385

LEFT EABIKAL 319 KAROLYI KARIKAL (ka-ri-kal'), the second in importance of the French possessions in India, on the Coromandel coast, 12 miles N. of Negapatam; area nearly 53 square miles; pop. about 65,000. It is a fertile tract, well supplied with rivers and canals, and largely given up to the cultivation of rice. Capital, Karikal, a mile from the sea; it has been four times taken by the British. There is an active trade in rice. Pop. about 20,000. KARLOVO, a town in Eastern Rumelia, 30 miles N. of Philippopolis, at the foot of the highest peak of the Balkan Mountains, has manufactures of lace and cloth; about 100 years old; in 1877, after a determined resistance, it was taken and pillaged by Suleiman Pasha; pop. about 10,000. KARLSBAD. See CARLSBAD. KARLSKRONA, an important port and the naval headquarters of Sweden. Situated on the Baltic, about 250 miles from Stockholm, it has one of the largest navy yards in Europe, equipped with dry-docks, arsenals, and shipyards, pro- tected by strong harbor fortifications. The streets of the city are well laid out and there are many parks and prome- nades. The chief industries are anchor making and the manufacture of matches. Pop. about 30,000. KARLSRUHE. See Carlsruhe. KARLSTAD, a city in Sweden located on the island of Thingvalla, about 1G5 miles W. of Stockholm. Connected with the mainland by two large bridges, it is a well-built little city with a wonderful situation among the lakes and hills of Sweden. A conference between Norway and Sweden was held here in 1905. Pop. about 20,000. KARLSTADT, a city of the recently formed State of Jugo-Slavia, situated about 35 miles S. of Agram. A strongly fortified city, it has a large armory, and is the seat of a Greek Oriental bishop. Pop. about 17,500. _ KARMA, in Buddhism, the accumula- tion of merit or demerit which remains when an individual existence has come to an end. It is the summing up of the actions of the life that has just ceased, and of all the previous lives in the same series, and determines the nature, con- dition, locality, and future of a new sentient being, into which it passes. KARMATHIANS, a religious and com- munistic sect into which the Ismailis developed in Asia under the head of Hamdan Karmat, a peasant-prophet in the region of Kufa. The secret society soon organized itself and began a for- midable peasant war. Damascus had to ransom itself; Baalbec was taken and its inhabitants put to the sword. Abu Taher in 923 took and plundered Bas- sora; next year he plundered a caravan of 20,000 pilgrims returning from Mecca; and in 925 captured and plundered Kufa, killing or enslaving the inhabitants. In 930 during the Hajj he took Mecca, kill- ing 30,000 persons, choked the well Zem Zem with corpses, and carried away the black stone. Then he threatened Bagdad with only 500 horse from among his 107,000 armed zealots. During the next eight years there was no Hajj, but _ it was resumed on a payment of 25,000 din- ars by the calif to Abu Taher. After a 22 years' absence the black stone was brought back to Mecca by the Karmath- ians and ransomed. During the next 100 years the sect grradually succumbed to the sword and to natural causes, but not till it had acted as a powerful dis- solvent on the califate. KARNAK (kar'nak), a village in Egypt built on the site of Thebes, on the bank of the Nile, and renowned for its magnificent architectural antiquities. The principal om of these is the Great Temple, 1,200 feet long and 330 feet wide. In this are found great colon- nades, obelisks, and a vast quantity of sculptures. Various colored marbles, sandstones and granite are used. Other smaller temples abound, beautifully orna- mented with mural decorations which portray the kings, divinities and recrea- tions of those ancient peoples. These temples were erected at various times from 1500 B. c. to 28 B. C. KARNITL (kur-nol'), a town in Madras presidency, British India, 110 miles S. by W. from Haidarabad. Fever is epidemic. The district is separated on the N. by the Krishna from the Nizam's dominions; area 7,788 square miles; pop. between 700,000 and 750,000. The canal of the Madras Irrigation Com- pany traverses it for 140 miles. Karnul suffered very severely during the famine of 1877-1878. KAROLYI (ka-rol'ye), COUNT ALOYS DE NAGY, an Austrian states- man; born in 1825. He filled various diplomatic posts at Hanover, Berne, Rome, Athens, London, Copenhagen, and St. Petersburg. At Zurich in 1859, he concluded peace with Italy and France after the unfortunate campaign which ended at Solferino. Toward the end of 1859 he went to Berlin as ambassador, where he remained till the Austro-Prus-