Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 05.djvu/374

LEFT EALMIA 310 KAMALA KALMIA, a penus of Ericacese, tribe Rhododendress. It consists of evergreen shrubs with whorled leaves. They are found in the United States and in Can- ada. The leaves of K. latifolia, the laurel ivy, spoonwood, or calicobush, are poisonous to many animals. A honey- like juice exuding from the flowers brings on phrenetic excitement. K. angustifolia, the haulm-leaved kalmia, is called the sheei^ laurel, from being poi- sonous to sheep. KALMUCKS, a Mongolian race of people, scattered throughout central Asia, and extending W. into southern Russia. The name is not employed by the people themselves, but by the Turkish races of Asia and the Russians to designate the Dorbon (Derbend) Oirad or Four Allied tribes of the Zungars, Torgod (Keraits or Eleuths), Khoshod, and Dorbod, who live in Zungaria; around Koko-nor in N. E. Tibet; in the district called Ordus, within the great loop of the Yellow river of China; on the W. slopes of the Altai (in Kuldja, etc.), and in the steppes be- tween the Don and the Volga and Cas- pian. These tribes constitute that great division of the Mongol race known as Western Mongols. They are nomads, possessing large herds of horses, cattle, and sheep. Their physical characteris- tics are those peculiar to the Mongolian race (see Mongolian). In religion they are nearly all adherents of Lamaism. Their language differs from true or Eastern Mongolian only in being more phonetic; but they have an alphabet of their own. The most noteworthy events in their history arose out of the emigra- tion of a large band of the Torgod from Zungaria into Russia in 1650. This band was followed by others composed of Dorbod in 1673 and of Khoshod in 1675. Under Auka Khan (1670-1724) the Kal- mucks figured as an important factor in Russian politics, sometimes as enemies, sometimes as allies. But in 1771 a large body of them, chiefly Torgod and Khos- hod, returned to the empire of China; settling at Hi, among the Altai Moun- tains. But there still remain about 110,000 Kalmucks in European Russia; in Asiatic Russia there are probably 55,000 more. The number within the Chinese empire is not known. KALNA (kal'na), or CITLNA (kul'-), a town of Bengal, India ; on the Bha- girathi (Hooghly). The town contains numerous temples, and is a station of the Free Church (Scotland) Mission. It does a large amount of trade by river, chiefly in rice and other natural prod- ucts. KALOCSA (ko'loch-o), a town of Hungary, near the left bank of the Danube; 86 miles S. from Budapest. It is the seat of an archbishop (bishop's see from 1000 to 1135), and has a cathe- dral, and an archbishop's palace. The inhabitants grow flax, wine, etc. KALPI (kal'pe), a town in the N. W. provinces of India, near the bank of the Jumna; 50 miles S. W. of Cawnpur. It figured prominently in the wars waged against the Mogul empire, came defin- itely into British hands in 1806, and was one of the principal agencies of the East India Company. On May 23, 1858, Sir Hugh Rose here defeated 12,000 rebels. Manufactures sugar-candy and paper; exports grain, cotton, etc. (to Cawnpur and to Calcutta). KALUGA (ka-lo'ga), chief town of the Russian province of Kaluga; 76 miles N. W. of Tula and 188 S. S. W. from Mos- cow; on the navigable Oka river, it car- ries on an extensive trade, especially in corn. Manufactures leather, oil, bast mats, tallow, candles, etc.; but its spe- cialty is "Kaluga cakes," sold throughout Russia to the extent of over $500,000 annually. Pop. about 50,000. KAMA (ka'ma), a river of European Russia, the principal tributary of the Volga, rising in the province of Viatka, near Glazgov, flowing in a S. W. direc- tion, and joining the Volga about 50 miles N. of Kazan; length, 1,400 miles, most of which is navigable. It is con- nected with a branch of the Dwina by a canal 12 miles long, establishing water communication between the Caspian and White Seas. KAMA (ka'ma), the Hindu god of love, corresponding, generally speaking, to the Greek Eros and Roman Cupid. He ap- pears as a beautiful youth riding on a parrot, generally carrying a bow with a string formed of bees, and having five arrows, each tipped with a flower that is supposed to have some amorous influence. Dancing girls or nymphs bear him com- pany, and one carries his banner, the emblem on which is a fish or marine monster on a red ground. KAMAKURA (-ko'ra), a seacoast village of Japan, 12 miles E. of Yoko- hama; formerly a noted city, founded before 1199, and the seat of the early shoguns. KAMALA, the powder, consisting of minute glands, adhering to the capsules of Rottlera tindtoria, employed by the na- tives as a brown dye. Imported from India, and used as a remedy for tape-