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LEFT JUABEZ 284 JUIAH, KINGDOM OF habited by a few Chilean seal and sea- lion hunters; and in 1877 it was leased by the Chilean government to a Swiss, who established a small colony there. JUAREZ, BENITO (Ho-a'reth) , President of Mexico; born of Indian parents in Gueletao, Oaxaca, March 21, 1806. He became an advocate, and as governor of his native state (1847-1852) was distinguished both for his ability and his honesty. Exiled during the dicta- torship of Santa Ana, he returned when the republic was restored, and in 1857 was elected president of the Supreme Court (equivalent to vice-president of the nation). On the overthrow of the Liberal president by the clerical party in 1858 Juarez assumed the executive, but was compelled to retire to Vera Cruz, where his government was recognized by the United States in 1859, and whence he issued decrees abolishing religious orders and confiscating Church property. In January, 1861, he was able to enter the capital, and in March was elected presi- dent for four years. In December of the same year the allied forces of England, France, and Spain occupied Vera Cruz; in April the British and Spanish with- drew, but the French remained, and de- clared war against Juarez, who retreated gradually to the N. frontier, and re- mained for nearly a year at El Paso del Norte. He entered Mexico City again in July, 1867, Maximilian (g. v.) having been shot meanwhile by order of court- martial. Juarez was again elected presi- dent for four years — years disturbed by repeated revolutionary attempts. In 1871 he was re-elected, and the risings became even fiercer and more frequent. He died in Mexico, July 18, 1872. JUBA (jo'ba), a great river of East- ern Africa, which flows into the Indian Ocean at about lat. 0° 5' S., and whose mouth marks the N. boundary of the coast placed under British control by the agreement with Germany in 1890. JUBA (jo'ba), the name of two Kings of Mauritania and Numidia, important kingdoms of Northern Africa, prior to and after the fall of Carthage. Juba I. flourished about half a century b. c, and, having declared for Pompey in the struggle for mastery among the flrst triumvirate, on the murder of Pompey, Caesar invaded the kingdom of Mauri- tania, and Juba being defeated and com- pelled to fly, in despair fell on his sword 42 B. c. Juba II., the son of the former, was carried prisoner to Rome while yet a youth, when Caesar drove his father from the throne. On the fall of the second triumvirate, Augustus Czesar, who had taken a strong regard for Juba, married him to one of Antony's daughters, Cleo- patra, and restored him to his father's throne. Juba possessed great judgment and considerable learning, and left be- hind him "A History of Arabia," "An- tiquities of Syria," and "A History of Rome," written in Greek. He died in a. d. 17. JUBAL, son of Lamech and Adah in the Genesis story, the inventor of the harp and organ, probably general terms for stringed and wind instruments. The meaning of the name is most likely sig- nificant, connected vnth yobel, "jubilee." JUBILATE, the 100th Psalm, which in the Vulgate begins Jubilate Deo omnis terra. It was added to the English Prayer-book in 1552, to be sung after the Second Lesson, instead of the Benedictus, when that canticle occurs in the chapter for the day; but it is used at other times as well, and always at thanksgivings. JUBY (jo'be), CAPE, a cape on the W. coast of Africa, 100 miles S. of the frontier of Morocco, with an anchorage. A trading settlement of an English com- pany was established in 1879-1889. JUCH, EMMA ANTONIA JOANNA (Mrs. Francis L. Wellman), an Ameri- can singer; born in Vienna, Austria, July 4, 1865; brought to the United States in infancy; received a normal school edu- cation; made her debut as an operatic 'singer at Her Majesty's Grand Italian Opera, London, in June, 1883; subse- quently, prima donna Theo. Thomas Opera Co., and then of the Emma Juch Grand English Opera Company. In 1894 she married F. L. Wellman of New York and retired from the stage. JUDJEA (-de'a), a term applied after the return of the Jews from exile to that part of Palestine bounded E. by the Jor- dan and the Dead Sea, N. by Samaria, W. by the Mediterranean, and S. by Arabia Petrasa. See Palestine. JUDAH, the 4th son of Jacob and Leah, and the head of the tribe of that name. It was to Judah that Jacob de- clared that the scepter should not depart from it till the coming of the Messiah; a prediction fulfilled in the advent of Christ. JUDAH, KINGDOM OF, a nation, which was formed in reality on the death of Solomon and the secession of the Ten Tribes forming the kingdom of Israel, composed of the two remaining tribes of Benjamin and Judah. The kingdom of Judah endured for 133 years after the destruction of its rival, and was brought