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LEFT JOHNSON 270 JOHNSON and Rates," (1911); "Panama Canal Traffic and Tolls," (1912); "History of Foreign and Domestic Commerce in the United States," (1916) ; "Principles of Ocean Transportation," (1917). He also contributed many reports on eco- nomic and transportation subjects. JOHNSON, HIRAM WARREN, United States Senator from California, bom in Sacramento, Cal., in 1866. He was educated at the University of Cali- fornia and was admitted to the bar in HIRAM JOHNSON 1888. He at once became a prominent lawyer and gained nation-wide reputa- tion through his participation in the trial of the San Francisco graft and boo- dling cases in 1906-1907. In these cases he acted as assistant prosecuting attor- ney in place of Francis J. Heney when the latter was shot. In 1910 he was nominated for governor by the Progres- ^ve element of the Republican party. The chief issue was the domination of tiie Southern Pacific railroad and in this Johnson won. His administration was successful and he became a conspicuous figure in national politics. He took a prominent part in the Republican nomi- nation in 1912, where he opposed Presi- dent Taft. He was nominated for the vipe-presidency on the Progressive ticket with Theodore Roosevelt in that year. He was re-elected Governor of California m 1914 by an enormous plurality, but re- signed in 1917 to go to the United States Senate to which he had been elected. He was the most bitter opponent of the Treaty of Peace with Germany and League of Nations Covenant in the Sen- ate in 1919-1920. In the Republican Con- vention of 1920 he was one of the lead- ing candidates for the nomination for the Presidency. See United States. History. JOHNSON, JOSEPH FRENCH, an American educator, born in Hardwick, Mass., in 1853. He graduated from Harvard University in 1878 and took post graduate courses in Germany. He acted as financial editor on several news- papers until 1893, when he was ap- pointed professor in the Wharton School of Commerce at the University of Penn- sylvania. From 1899 to 1903 he was lecturer on finance in Columbia Uni- versity and from 1903 was professor of political economy and dean of School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance in New York University. He wrote much on financial and economic sub- jects. His works include "Money and Currency" (1905); "Report on the Canadian Banking System for the Na- tional Monetary (Ilommission" (1916). He was editor of the "Journal of Ac- countancy" and several other periodicals on business. In 1913 he was a member of the Commission to Revise Banking Laws of the State of New York. JOHNSON, OWEN (McMAHON), an American author, born in New York in 1878, the son of Robert Underwood John- son. He graduated from Yale Univer- sity in 1900. His first work "Arrows of the Almighty" was published in 1901 and this was followed in rapid succes- sion by others, including "The Eternal Boy" (1909) ; "The Humming Bird" (1910); "The Varmint" (1910); "The Salamander" (1913); "The Spirit of France," (1915); "Virtuo^s Wives" (1917). JOHNSON, ROBERT UNDERWOOD, an American poet and editor; born in Washington, D. C, Jan. 12, 1853; be- came associate editor of the "Century Magazine." His eflTorts in behalf of the establishment of international copyright were recognized by the degree of M. A., conferred by Yale University in 1891. He edited, with C. C. Buel, the notable "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War" (1887-1888), and has published two vol- umes of poems : "The Winter Hour and Other Poems" (1892); and "Songs of Liberty" (1897), "Italian Rhapsody" (1917). Appointed U. S. Ambassador U Italy in 1920.