Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 05.djvu/315

LEFT JEZIRAH 259 JOACHIMSTAL JEZIRAH (-zl'ra), one of the two principal works of the Kabbala, its date being assigned by some to the 1st, by others to the 8th or 9th century. JEZREEL, a city of Issachar (Josh. xix:18), lying W. of Bethshean. Jez- reel was called Esdraela in the time of the Maccabees, and is now replaced by a small and ruinous Arab village called Zerin, at the N. W. point of Mount Gilboa. Also the name of the great plain lying between Jezreel and Acre. JEZREELITES, or the NEW AND LATTER HOUSE OF ISRAEL, a religious sect founded in England by a private soldier James White (1840- 1885), who adopted the name of James Jershom Jezreel, and professed to be a messenger from God, whose revelations to him are recorded in "The Flying Roll." Christ, they believed, by His death, redeemed only souls, and those souls who have lived since Moses. For the salvation of the soul belief in the Gospel was sufficient; the body must be saved by belief in the Law. After the death of Queen Esther, Jezreel's widow, in 1888, the sect died out. JHELTJM, or ^EHLAM (jel'um), also called the Bitasta (whence the ancient Hydaspes), one of the rivers of the Pun- jab. It rises in the mountains of Kash- mir, which country forms its upper basin, and is navigable for about 70 out of 130 miles within that State. On the banks of this river was fought the battle between Alexander the Great and Porus. JIB, a large triangular sail set on a stay, forward of the fore stay-sail, be- tween the fore-top mast-head and jib- boom^ in large vessels. It occupies a position between the mast-head and bow- sprit in cutters, schooners, and small craft, and does not necessarily run on a stay. Jibs are known by various names, according to position, etc., as inner-jib, outer-jib, standing-jib, flying-jib, spindle- jib, storm-jib, jib-of-jibs, etc. A jib- topsail or balloon-jib extends toward the topmast head, and in cutter yachts is sometimes a very large sail. Also, the extended arm of a crane; or that spar of a derrick which is stepped at the bot- tom and connected by tackle at the top to the vertical post. JIDDAH, or JEDDAH, a seaport of the Hedjaz, Arabia; on the Red Sea, about 65 miles W. of Mecca. It owes its importance to the fact that it is the port of Mecca, and consequently the place of disembarkation for pilgrims bound for the Holy City. JIHAD or JEHAD (je-had'), a holy war proclaimed by the Mussulmans against Christians. The Sheeahs do not consider it legitimate to do this. The Soonees reserve the measure for gn"eat emergencies. Fanatics attempted to set one on foot in India in 1877. Sheik ul Islam, at Constantinople, proclaimed one against the Russians about 1877. An- other was proclaimed after Turkey en- tered the World War in 1915, but it was a failure. JIMENEZ (He'ma-nez), a town of Chihuahua, Mexico, on an affluent of the Conchos river, 271 miles S. of El Paso, and 125 miles S. E. of Chihuahua city. The output of the Parral mining district, 50 miles W., is shipped here. JIMMU-TENNO (jim'mo-ten'no) ("Jimmu the emperor"), the supposed founder of the present Japanese dynasty, 5th in descent from the sun, and said to have ascended the throne in 660 B. c, the year from which the national rec- ords are dated. The national holiday, Feb. 11, is devoted to his worship. JINRIKISHA (-rik'-) ("manpower vehicle"), a light, two-wheeled car- riage, resembling a gig, containing one or two persons, and drawn by a human runner between the shafts, univer- sally used in Japan. It dates from about 1868. The fare is from two to five cents a mile. JITOMIR, or ZHITOMIR (zhit- om'er), formerly capital of the Govern- ment of Volhynia, Russia; now in the Republic of Ukraine, on the Tetereff ; is an ancient Lithuanian city. Pop., about 100,000. JOACHIM, JOSEPH (yo-aTcim), a German violLnist; born in Kittsee, near Pres^urg, June 28, 1831. He first ap- peared in London in 1844. His per- formances at Vienna, Pest, Paris, and London established for him the position of one of the first violinists of the day. Died 1907. JOACHIMITE, a follower of Joachim, Abbot of Flors, in Calabria. The Joachimites were a branch of the Fratri- celli. They wei'e condemned by the Council of Lateran in 1215, and by that of Aries in 1260-1261. JOACHIMSTAL (that is, Joachim's Valley), a town of Bohemia, on the southern declivities of the Erzgebirge, 2,440 feet above sea level, and four miles from the Saxon boundary. Pop. of com- mune, about 7,500. Some manufacturing and trade interests. It is to this place that the German word Thaler or Taler owes its name. In 1518 the Count von Schlick issued here silver coins called gnldengroschen, but these coins were