Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 05.djvu/302

LEFT JEHOAHAZ 246 JELLICOE of Monmouth were excessive ; earning for him among the people the title of "Bloody Jeffries." His acts, however, pleased his royal master James II. He died a pris- oner in the Tower of London in 1689. JEHOAHAZ, one of the idolatrous Kings of Israel, who succeeded his father, Jehu, in the sovereignty, 857 B. c. His iniquitous courses led to his defeat and humiliation; his country being invaded by the armies of Syria. After a wickjed and stormy reign of 17 years he died, 840 B. c. Also the name of a King of Judah, commonly called the younger, a son of Josiah, who, obtaining a party, usurped the throne to the exclusion of his elder brother ; his short reign of a few months, however, was brought to a close by his capitivity, and committal as a close pris- oner to Egypt. JEHOIAKIM ( je-hoi a-kim), a King of Judah, advanced to the throne of Judah 608 B. C. as a tributary of Pharoah Necho, King of Egypt, to whom, as the price of his elevation, he gave 500 talents of silver and one talent of gold. Though admonished by the prophet Jeremiah to walk in the paths of virtue, Jehoiakim relapsed into idolatry and wickedness. His pride brought down upon himself and unfortunate country the vengeance of the Babylonian king, Nebuchadnezzar, who besieged Jerusalem, rifled the tem- ple and leaving the humiliated king as his tributary on the throne returned to Babylon carrying with him some of the principal inhabitants of Jerusalem, the youthful Daniel being among the cap- tives. He died in 597 B. c. JEHOL, (ya'hol), or CHING-TE-FU (-fo), a city of inner Mongolia, contain- ing a summer residence of the Emperor of China. JEHOSHAPHAT, King of Judah, ascended the throne at the age of 35, in succession to his father, Asa, 914 B. c. During the early part of his reign his people prospered, but having entered into an alliance with Ahab he suffered many disasters, which were at length averted by prayer and fasting; and henceforth his reign was happy. He died 889 B. c, leaving his crown to his son Jehoram. JEHOSHAPHAT, VALLEY OF, the valley of the judgment of God, a meta- phorical name of some place where God would judge the foes of His people (Joel in: 2, 12). The name has been appro- priated to the deep and narrow glen E. of Jerusalem, running N. and S. between the city and the Mount of Olives, called m the Bible the hr'^'-^- Kedron JEHOVAH, the most sacred of the names given in the Old Testament to the Supreme Being, regarded also as the God specially of the Jewish people. So holy was the name deemed that the Jews were afraid to allow it to escape their lips, and therefore took means intentionally to mispronounce it by altering its vowel points to those of Adonai, or, when the two occur together, of Elohim, less sacred names for God. This practice arose from their having misinterpreted such pass- ages as Deut. xxviii: 58; Lev, xxiv: 11, 15, 16; Exod. xx: 7. What the real vowel points, and consequently the proper pronunciation, should be is now doubtful. Many critics contend for He- brew, Yahveh, some for Yahvah, and some for Yahavoh. It is generally de- rived from havah, an old form of haiah = He is. The import of the name is ex- plained in Exod. iii: 14. "I am that I am," or "I am," thus predicating self- existence or existence in a sense in which it can be applied to no created being. In Exod. vi : 3 we read that God appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob by the name of God Almighty, but was not known to them by the name of Jehovah. The meaning may have been that the patriarchs did not properly realize the depth of meaning in the name, for the word occurs in Gen. xiv: 22, xxvi: 22, xxviii: 16. Elohim stands for God as the creator and ruler of the universe (Gen. i: 1) ; Jehovah as a being standing in the most intimate relation to the Jew- ish people as their theocratic ruler and God (Psalm cxxxv: 4), as supreme above all gods (verse 5), the First and the Last (Isa. xli:4), nay, the only true God (xliv: 5, 8). JEHU, the 10th King of Israel; had been commander in the army of Jehoram, his king, whom he shot with an arrow, and put to death 70 of Ahab's children, and the priests of Baal in the temple of their idol. Afterward relapsing into idolatry, he was punished by the de- livery of his kingdom to Hazael, King of Syria. He died in 857 B. C. JELELABAD (jel-a-la-bad'), or JALALABAD (jal), a town of Af- ghanistan; 78 miles E. N. E. of Kabul, on the Peshawar route. A famous and successful resistance was made here in 1841-1842 by the British forces under Sir Robert Sale. Also the capital of Seistan, Southwest Afghanistan. Pop., est., 10,000. There are several towns of this name in British India. JELLICOE, JOHN RTTSHWORTH, VISCOUNT OF SCAPA, a British Admiral. He was born in 1859 and was educated at Rottindean. He entered