Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 05.djvu/200

LEFT INNUIT 160 INQUISITION the eight monasteries of Innsbruck is the first that the Capuchins founded in Germany (1594). Innsbruck carries on manufactures of woolen cloth, machines, and glass, and glass-painting. Pop. about 50,000, including suburbs. INNUIT, the native name of the peo- ple occupying the entire coast line of Alaska, with the outlying islands along the Arctic coast to Bering Strait, S. to the Alaska Peninsula, E. and N. along the Pacific coast to Mount St. Elias, with the exception of a small territory on Cook's Inlet and at the mouth of Copper river, where the Tinneh from the interior have forced their way to the coast. They are tall and muscular, have small black eyes, high cheek bones, large mouths, thick lips, coarse brown hair, and fresh yellow complexions. Occupy- ing the coast line, they are bold navi- gators and skilled fishermen and sea hunters. INOCULATION, the act, art or opera- tion of communicating a disease to the bodily frame by introducing, by punc- tures in the skin, or otherwise, the spe- cific poison by which it is produced; also the introduction in such a manner of variolous matter into the system. It is to Constantinople that the world is in- debted for the discovery. In 1713 Dr. Emanuel Timoni,. a Greek physician there, wrote a letter to Dr. Woodward in favor of inoculation, which was pub- lished in the "Philosophical Transac- tions." The actual introduction of the practice into England was brought about by a letter written in a lively style from Turkey in 1717, by Lady Mary Wortley Montague. Gradually it made way, and was firmly established by 1798 in which year Dr. Jenner announced the discovery of vaccination. Before this, the im- proved methods introduced by Daniel and Robert Sutton had reduced the mortal- ity, which, in 1797, 1798, and 1799, in the smallpox hospitals was only 1 in 662. Inoculation for smallpox is per- formed by applying the variolous matter to a few scratches made upon the skin. It communicates actual variola, which, however, as a rule, is of a mild type, but acts as an excellent prophylactic against a malady of more virulent character. INORGANIC CHEMISTY, the chem- istry of inorganic or unorganized bodies. In general terms it may be said that in- organic chemistry treats of the metals, or of the metals in combination with one or more of the non-metallic bodies. A metal in combination with oxygen pro- duces an oxide, while a metal in combina- tion with an acid produces a salt, both being inorganic compounds. The aim of inorganic chemistry is to examine into the general laws or rules which regulate the formation of such metallic bodies, and to determine the action of one upon another. INOSITE, (in'o-sit), in chemistry, Co- H12O82H2O, a non-fermentable substance, isomeric with glucose discovered by Scherer in the muscular substance of the heart of the ox. It has since been found to exist in the lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen, and brain, and in the urine dur- ing some diseases of the kidnej'. It is obtained from the mother liquor of the creatine crystals, by acidulating with sulphuric acid, and then gradually add- ing alcohol till a turbidity begins to ap- pear. Inosite is also found in many plants, especially in green beans, the shells of peas, in the leaves of the vine, in asparagus, etc. IN PARTIBUS, the usual contracted form of the Latin phrase, in partibus infidelium = in countries belonging to unbelievers. Bishop in partibus, a bishop consecrated to a see formerly existing, but which, owing chiefly to the rise of Mohammedanism, has long been lost to the Roman Church. Bishops in partibus date from the Reformation. Catholic af- fairs in England were managed by Vic- ars-Apostolic, having titular sees in par- tibus, from 1623 to the erection of the hierarchy in 1850. Besides Vicars- Apostolic, in a non-Catholic country, the Vicars of Cardinal-bishops, Suffragan- bishops, and Papal Nuncios usually have their sees in partibus infidelium. INQUEST, in legal proceedings, most commonly the finding of the court or jury in a civil case, when the defendant does not appear on the trial. Also the in- vestigation made by the coroner, with the aid of a jury, as to the cause of a sudden or violent death. INQUISITION (Latin inquisitio = b. seeking or searching for), in the history of the Roman Catholic Church, a tri- bunal for searching out, inquiring into, and condemning offenses against the Canon Law, especially heresy, and taking means to have the offenders punished by the Civil Power. Inquisitors and the Inquisition did not come in together; the former preceded the latter (see Inquisi- tor). The institution was resolved on at a synod held at Toulouse, in 1229, under Gregory IX., after the Albigensian crusade, and was formally established by him in 1233. The synod ordered that in every parish a priest and several re- spectable laymen should be appointed to