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LEFT INSPECTOR GENERAL 157 INN gained much headway in any other State. The Progressive Party of 1912 endorsed the plan in its platform, but neither of the two older parties did. In practical operation it falls short of much that is claimed for it, encountering as it does the indifference of the voters. Many students of political science have ques- tioned its usefulness, claiming that it substitutes direct for representative gov- ernment; thereby confusing the proper function of the electorate and reducing legislative bodies to a nullity. INSPECTOR GENERAL, a name em- ployed to designate a military officer, having various duties in various branches of the service, but whose orig- inal responsibility was that of supervi- sion and inspection. The designation is given to all the officers of the inspector general's department, though their serv- ice varies greatly. The duties involve the proper inspection of accounts relat- ing to expenditures, the condition of the troops and their equipment, the military posts, arsenals and public works, and general conduct unbecoming in an officer. There are inspectors general of infantry, cavalry, engineers, artillery and other branches of service. In the medical de- partment the inspectors general of hos- pitals are the head surgeons. In Euro- pean countries the duties of inspectors general are carried out by the general staff of the army. INJECTION, the act of filling the ves- sels and other minute tubular organs of animals with colored substances more clearly to exhibit their relative size, ar- rangement, and relation to the surround- ing parts. The color is injected by means of a syringe. Also the art of in- jecting any therapeutic agent into the rectum, or of introducing such agent under the skin, etc.; that which is in- jected. INJECTOR, a steam boiler feeder, composed of a body or casing enclosing one or more series of converging and di- verging nozzles, so arranged and propor- tioned that the entering steam will cause a continuous injection of feed water against the initial boiler pressure. The body is provided with branches for the steam, water, and delivery pipes, and a waste pipe or overflow. In England and on the Continent, the branches are flanged, but in the United States screw coupling nuts are used. Both the body and the tubes are made of some dur- able non-corroding material, preferably bronze or red brass. INJUNCTION, a writ or process granted by a court of equity, and in Vol. V- some cases under statutes by a court of law, whereby a party is required to do, or to refrain from doing, certain acts, according to the exigency of the writ. In the United States, the writ of in- junction, as resorted to in labor disputes, has occasioned much controversy. In- junctions issued against strikers were al- leged to "convert innocent acts into a crime." The Federal courts were the principal subjects of criticism in 1901. INK, a liquid or pigment used for writing or printing. Inks may be classed under four heads : Writing inks consist either of colored liquids, or of finely divided colored pre- cipitates suspended in a liquid. Red ink is a solution of cochineal or pux-e car- mine in ammonia, or of brazil wood in water. Blue ink is a solution of Prus- sian blue and oxalic acid in water. Chrome ink is a preparation of logwood and potassium bichromate. Marking ink must be able to withstand the action of soap, alkaline, and acid liquids. It usually consists of a solution of silver nitrate, colored with lampblack and thickened with gum. Copying ink must be thicker than or- dinary ink, and must not dry too quick- ly. It is usually prepared by adding a little sugar or glycerine to ordinary black ink. Its sp. gr. should not exceed 1.071. Printing ink. All inks used for print- ing consist essentially of well boiled di-y-f ing oils, mixed with lampblack or other pigments. Soaps and resinous matters are frequently added to give the oils the required consistency. INKBAG, a gland found in the Cepha- lopoda. It is tough and fibrous, with a thin outer coat. The animal discharges the contents of the bag through a duct into the water when it wishes to conceal itself or escape from an enemy. INKERMANN, a village of Russia, in the S. of the Crimea. During the Cri- mean War, the Russians, nearly 50,000 strong, assailed the weakest part of the English position facing the harbor of Balaklava and the caverns of Inkermann, Nov. 5, 1854. For six hours, 8,000 Brit- ish troops encountered at various points and resisted the assault of this over- whelming force. The French came to the support of the English, and the Rus- sians were driven back with great slaughter. INN (ancient CEnus), a river of Ger- many, the most important Alpine afflu- ent of the Danube, rises in the S. of the Swiss canton of Grisons, and flows N. E. through the valley of the Engadine, and -Cyc— K