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LEFT INGHAMITES 155 INGRESS Y., Aug. 11, 1833; was admitted to the bar in 1854; soon became distinguished in the courts and in Democratic politics as an orator; recruited the 11th Illinois Cavalry in 1862, and entered the army as its colonel. On Nov. 28, 1862, while trying with a force of 600 men to inter- cept a Confederate raiding body he was captured by a force of 10,000 men, but was soon paroled and given command of a camp in St. Louis. He soon afterward resigned. After the war he became a Republican; was made attorney-general of Illinois in 1866; was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1876 and there nominated for president. ROBERT G. INGERSOLL James G. Blaine, whom he termed "the plumed knight." He was prominent in politics for several years, and had he not given strong expression to his views as an agnostic he would doubtless have been honored with high offices. He settled in New York city in 1882 and practiced law there till his death. His most famous lectures include "Some Mistakes of Moses"; "The Family"; "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child"; "The Gods"; and "Ghosts." His publications include "Lectures Complete"; "Prose, Poems and Selections"; and "Great Speeches." He died in Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., July 21, 1899. INGHAMITES, a religious sect founded by Benjamin Ingham, one of the early Methodists. Separating from his original connection, he joined the United Brethren, but soon after founded a sect the doctrines of which were a modifica- tion of those of the Glassttes and the Sandemanians. INGOLDSBY, THOMAS. See Bar- HAM, Richard Harris. INGOLSTADT (in'gol-stat), a town and fortress of Upper Bavaria, on the Danube. Its fortifications, demolished in 1820, have since been rebuilt stronger than before. Its university, once cele- brated, was removed to Munich in 1826. Pop. about 25,000. INGOT, a cast mass of steel from the crucible; a cast mass of gold or silver, more or less pure, for assaying; a cast block of gold, silver, or a properly pro- portioned alloy of either, for coinage, or for working into other forms, as watch cases, etc. INGRAHAM, JOSEPH HOLT, an American author; born in Portland, Me., in 1809; received a collegiate education; was ordained a Protestant Episcopal clergyman; became widely known through his writings. His publications include "The South-west, by a Yankee" (1836); "Lafitte: the Pirate of the Gulf"; "The Prince of the House of David" (1855); "The Pillar of Fire" (1859); and "The Throne of David" (1860). He died in Holly Springs, Miss., in December, 1860. INGRES, JEAN AITGUSTE DOMI- NIQUE (an£if'-gr), a French historical painter; born in Montauban, in 1780. He studied under David, and subse- quently went to Rome. He was called to the School of Fine Arts in Paris as the successor of Denon, and succeeded Horace Vernet, in 1829, as Director of the Academy at Rome. Ingres occupies a middle place between the classical and romantic schools. His best known pic- tures are "Jupiter and Thetis," "Woman in the Bath," "Raphael and the For- narina," "The Sistine Chapel," "The Vow of Louis XIII." (regarded by many as his chef d'oeuvre), "The Birth of Venus Anadyomene," "Jesus Disputing with the Doctors," "Racine in his Court Dress," "Jeanne D'Arc at the Corona- tion of Charl s VII.," "Portrait of Cher- ubini," and "La Source." He died in 1867. INGRESS ("a going in,"), in astron- omy, the beginning of the apparent tran- sit of one body over the face of another, as of Mercury or Venus over the face of the sun, or of a satellite of Jupiter across the disk of that planet.