Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 05.djvu/187

LEFT INDIGO-YELLOW 147 INDBE drate of calcium, sulphate of iron, and water in a closed flask filled with hydro- gen. The clear solution is then decanted by means of a siphon filled with hydro- gen into a vessel containing hydrochloric acid and ammonium sulphite. The pre- cipitate of indigo-white which is formed is filtered and dried at 100°, in a stream of hydrogen. Pure indigo-white is a white powder with a silky luster. INDIGO-YELLOW, a clear yellow substance, obtained by heating hypo-sul- phindigotate of calcium with limewater in contact with air. INDIGOTIN, in chemistry, C10H3NO2 (Indigo-blue), the pure blue coloring matter of indigo. It is obtained from commercial indigo, by reducing it to in- digo-white, by means of reducing agents, such as ferrous salts, grape sugar, etc., the resulting yellow solution of the in- digo-white metallic compound, on expos- ure to the air, depositing indigo-blue in small crystals. INDIRETIN (in-dir'rit-in), in chemis- try, CisHitNOo, a dark-brown shining resin, produced, together with other bodies, by heating indican with dilute sulphuric acid. INDIRUBIN (in-dir-ub'in), in chemis- try, CsH'NO, a crystalline compound, ob- tained by the decomposition of indican by means of an acid, but more abundantly by treating Indian wood leaves in an al- kaline solution of stannous chloride, the liquid depositing indirubin on exposure to the air. Indirubin is isomeric with in- digo-blue, and resembles indigo-root in many of its properties. INDIUM, a very rare metal, occurring in minute quantities in zinc ores. It was discovered by F. Reich and Th. Richter, in 1863, in the zinc-blende of Freiburg. The metal itself is of a lead-gray color, soft, malleable, fusible, but not very vol- atile. INDO-EUKOPEAN LANGUAGES, also called Aryan or Indo-Germanic, the most important of the great families into which human speech has been di- vided, spoken by various peoples in Asia and Europe. The chief branches of this family are the Teutonic or Germanic, in- cluding English, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and the extinct Gothic; the Slavonic (Polish, Russian, Bohemian) ; the Lithuanian; the Celtic (Welsh, Irish, Gaelic, Breton) ; the Latin or Italic, and the Romance tongues descended from it (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese) ; the Greek, the Armenian, the Persian, and the Sanskrit. All these tongues are regarded as being- descended from a common ancestral tongue or parent speech, spoken at some remote period in Central Asia. INDORE, a Mahratta principality of India, comprising the territories of the Holkar dynasty, covers an area of 9,500 square miles. The bulk of it lies be- tween Sindhia's dominions on the N. and Bombay Presidency on the S., its length from N. to S. being 120 miles, and its breadth 82. It is traversed from E. to W. by the Nerbudda, which almost bi- sects it; by the Vindhya Mountains, and by the Satpura Mountains. Principal products, poppy, cotton, tobacco, wheat, rice, millets, etc.; principal industries, cotton and opium manufacture. Pop. about 1,100,000. The Vindhyas and Sat- puras have from time immemorial been the home of the Bhils, the wildest of the aboriginal tribes in India. The State was founded about the middle of the 18th century by Malhar Rao, a soldier of for- tune, who served the Peshwa. In 1818 the ruler of the Holkar dominions was reduced to the position of a feudatory prince of the British Indian empire. INDORE, the capital of the Maharaja Holkar's dominions. Pop. about 100,000, mostly Hindus. During the revolt of 1857, though the maharaja remained faithful to the British government, his troops mutinied in July, holding their prince a prisoner in his own palace, and butchering many Europeans in cold blood. The town dates only from 1770. INDORSEMENT, the term generally used to denote the writing of the name of the holder on the back of a bill of ex- change or promissory note, on transfer- ring or assigning it to another. Signing the name "A. B." alone is a blank in- dorsement. When personal liability is to be avoided the words "without recourse" are added, and in this case no demand can come back on the indorser, who would otherwise be liable. The word in- dorsement is also frequently used to de- note any matters written or indorsed on the back of writs or deeds, as indorse- ments on declarations, on writs of sum- mons, etc. INDUE (ang'dv), a department of France lying S. of the department of Loir-et-Cher ; area, 2,679 square miles. It is watered by the Indre, the Creuse, and its tributary, the Anglin. The sur- face is generally flat, and the land fer- tile, producing large crops of wheat and barley. The two principal resources of the department, however, are its vine- yards and its flocks. Chief towns: Cha- teauroux, the capital, Le Blanc, Issou- dun, and La Chatre. Pop. about 300,000.