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LEFT ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY 122 ILLYRIA bers of the faculty and 2,096 students. The library contains about 30,000 vol- umes. President, David Felmley. ILLINOIS, UNIVERSITY OF, a co- educational non-sectarian institution in Urbana, 111.; founded in 1887; reported at the close of 1919 : Professors and in- structors, 672; students, 8,052; president, David Kinley, ILLINOIS WESLEYAN UNIVER- SITY, a coeducational institution in Bloomington, 111.; founded in 1850 un- der the auspices of the Methodist Epis- copal Church; reported at the close 1919: Professors and instructors, 40; students, 590; president, Theodore Kemb. ILLITERACY, inability to read and write any language. In the United States the census officers consider those who cannot write, but can read, illiterate. In the United States inquiry is made of all persons as to their literacy and those persons above 10 years of age who cannot write are considered illiterate. The European countries differ in their methods of securing their statistics in this matter and the age limit is not al- ways 10 years. Of the European coun- tries, Germany, with but one-half of one per cent, of her population illiterates, heads the list, closely followed by Switz- erland. Illiteracy is the greatest in southern and southeastern Europe. In Spain, Portugal, Servia, and Rumania a considerable per cent, of the population, in the case of the last named country nearly 90 per cent, of the popula- tion, is illiterate. While comparison be- tween nations is on an insecure basis due to the different methods of collect- ing statistics used in the various coun- tries, it is clear that those nations which send the greatest number of immi- grants to this country are those with a high proportion of illiterates. According to the census of 1910 the illiterates in the United States numbered 5,516,163, or 7.7 per cent, of the popula- tion. The draft of 1917-1918 revealed a slightly higher percentage, but in the main confirmed the census figures. The greatest percentage of illiteracy is reached among the negroes, who make up 40 per cent, of all the illiterates of the nation; 30 per cent, of the illiterate group are foreign-born whites, 28 per cent, are native whites, and two per cent, of them are Chinese and Indians. As plight be expected, the rural population is more illiterate than the city, because of the relative scarcity of schools. Of the adult male population there are 2,273,603 illiterates, those cities hav- ing the greatest percentage of illiterate males over 21 being Fall River with 15.6, Birmingham with 10.4, Scranton 8.9, Nashville 8.8, Atlanta 8.6, and Rich- mond 8.2. These cities have this rela- tively large percentage because of large foreign or negro populations. The five largest cities in the United States com- pare in the percentage of illiterates above 21 years of age thus: New York 6.4, Chicago 5.1, Philadelphia 4.7, Bos- ton 4.5, St. Louis 4.1. The States having the lowest percen- tage of illiteracy are Iowa, Nebraska, Oregon and Washington; in all these the percentage is under 2 per cent. The highest percentage of illiteracy is reached in the Southern States with their large negro population, and in those States along the Mexican borde**: Louisiana (29.0), South Carolina (25.7), Alabama (22.9), Mississippi (22.4), Arizona (20.9), New Mexico (20.2). ILLUMINATI (il-yu-me-na'ti or il- om-e-na'-te), a Spanish sect, known ver- nacularly as Alumbrados. Their found- ers were Catherine de Jesus, a Carmelite nun, and John de Willelpando, a native of Teneriffe. They rejected the sacra- ments, and held that by mental prayer they might attain such perfection as to dispense with good works, and that they might commit any crime without sin. Ignatius Loyola, while a student at Sal- amanca (1527), was tried by an ecclesi- astical commission for sympathy with the views of this sect, but declared in- nocent. Also an obscure sect of French Familists, which arose in Picardy in 1634. The Rosicrucians were so called, but generally by this title are designated the members of a society formed at In- golstadt, in 1776, by Adam Weishaupt, Professor of Canon Law, and an ex- Jesuit. It had some resemblance to, and received substantial support from, Free- masonry. Its objects were religious and political emancipation, its ideal form of government republican, and its religion deistic. The order was suppressed by edict, March 2, 1785, and Weishaupt was degraded and banished. ILLUSIONS, conditions usually distin- guished as having some basis in outward physical facts, from delusions, which are purely subjective hallucinations, with no foundation save perverted imagination, or otherwise disordered faculties. Opti- cal illusions are exemplified by the ap- pearances connected with mirage. ILLYRIA, ILLYRIS, or ILLYRI- CUM, a name anciently applied to all the countries on the east coast of the Adriatic. In the 4th century B. c, the