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LEFT IGUANODON 118 ILFOV from four to five feet long. It is com- mon in the warmer parts of America. IGUANA IGTJANODON, an extinct gigantic reptile, closely resembling the iguana in the form of its teeth, whose remains were discovered by Dr. Mantell in the Wealden formation of the S. of England. From its dentition there seems to be no doubt that it was herbivorous. Mantell esti- mated this animal to have been 70 feet long, but the complete skeleton now set up at Brussels is 23 feet in full length. The iguanodon formed a family of the Dinosaurians, bird-like reptiles with long hind and short forelegs, and three-toed feet. ILANG-ILANG (Cananga odorata), sl large tree of the order Anonacex, culti- vated in India and the Philippines, and yielding from its flowers a rich perfume. ILCHESTER, an ancient English vil- lage of Somersetshire. Supposed to be the "Ischalis" of Ptolemy, it was the principal station of the Romans in this region. Ilchester is the birthplace of Roger Bacon. ILDEFONSO, SAN, a town of Spain, province of New Castile, on the Cogolludo river, 40 miles from Madrid. The town contains a magnificent palace built by Philip v., also a large plate glass manu- factory. ILE-DE-FRANCE (el"da-fra?ir/s") , one of the old provinces of France, hav- ing Paris as its capital, and nov/ mostly comprised in the departments of Seine, Seine-et-Oise, Aisne, Seine-et-Marne, Somme, and Oise. In the middle of the 9th century it was made a dukedom. The 2d duke, Odo, commonly called Count of Paris, was crowned King of France in 888. Another, Hugh Capet, founded in 987 the Capetian dynasty. Ile-de-France was formerly the name of Mauritius. ^ ILETZK (il'etsk), a town in the Rus- sian government of Orenburg, near the confluence of the Ilek with the Ural. Close by is the richest salt-bed in Rus- sia. ILEUM, the portion of the small in- testines communicating with the larger intestine. It is formed by one of the folds of the peritoneum. Sometimes there is a pouch or diverticulum from the main tube. ILEUS, or ILIAC PASSION, a severe intestinal disease, characterized by vio- lent griping pain, accompanied with re' traction and spasms of the abdominal muscles, costiveness, and vomiting of faecal matter. Among the most frequent causes of this disease are strangulated hernia, intussusception, or the retention of one part of the bowel within another, unnatural adhesions between adjacent folds of the intestines, inflammation, etc. ILEX, a tree often named in the Latin classics, the evergreen oak or holm oak {Querciis ilex). It is a native of most parts of the S. of Europe and of the N. of Africa, often attaining large dimen- sions, as it sometimes does when planted in Great Britain, The bark is very as- tringent, and is employed for tanning hides in the countries to which the tree is indigenous. Its wood is very hard and heavy, tough, durable, and useful^ particularly for axles, pulleys, screws, and whatever is to be subjected to much friction. In modern botany ilex is the generic name of the holly. ILEORD, a district of Essex, Eng- land. It is on the Roding river. Its chief industry is the manufacturing of. photographic materials. It has an in- sane asylum, a hospital, and other pub- lic buildings. Pop. about 80,000. ILFOV, a department of Rumania, in the S.; bordered on the S. by the river Danube and Bulgaria, on the E. by Dob- rudja, on the N. by Dembovitza, and on the W. by Vlashea. It is part of the territory of Wallachia, and is among the most cultivated of the Rumanian prov- inces. It has an extensive trade with the East, its commerce being carried into the Black Sea along the Danube. Dur- ing the European War it was the theater of much fighting, following the German drive in 1916. The area of the depart- ment is 2,230 miles. The capital is Bucharest. Pop. about 700,000.