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LEFT EBZGEBIBGE 44 ESCAPEMENT destroyed over 1,000 houses, with a small loss of life. During the World War important operations were carried on around the city. The Russians captured it in February, 1916, following its evacu- ation by the Turkish garrison. Pop. variously estimated from 50,000 to 100,- 000. ERZGEBIRGE (erts'ge-ber-ge), or ORE MOUNTAINS, a chain of European mountains forming a natural boundary between Saxony and Bohemia, nearly 120 miles in length and 25 miles broad. The highest summits, which are on the side of Saxony, rise to 3,800 or 3,900 feet. The mountains are rich in silver, iron, copper, lead, cobalt, arsenic, etc. ERZINGAN, a city of Armenia, for- merly capital of a sandjak, in the vilayet of Erzerum, Asiatic Turkey, 86 miles S. E. of Erzerum, a strongly fortified town, situated at an altitude of 3,900 feet, and about a mile from the right bank of the Euphrates, the center of a very fertile plain, where wheat, fruit. Genesis. He was the progenitor of the Edmonites, who dwelt on Mount Seir. ESCALATOR, an elevator in the form of a moving stairway. It is the most efficient machine for handling people in large numbers when the distance to be traveled is not excessive. The passen- gers travel on the moving treads and a single large-size escalator will deliver more than 10,000 persons per hour. Its use is principally for department stores, railroad and subway stations, theaters, and for large manufacturing plants where great numbers of employees must be transported quickly between the en- trance to the building and the upper floors. They are made reversible for operation in opposite directions during different periods of the day. ESCANABA, a city and county-seat of Delta CO., Mich., on the N. end of Green Bay, at the mouth of the Esca- naba river, and on the Chicago and Northwestern railroad ; 52 miles N. E. of Marinette. It is the grain and vegetable ESCALATOR — CLEAT TYPE wines, and cotton are produced in large quantities. Iron and sulphur springs are also abundant in the vicinity. It was the object of a special campaign by the Russian Caucasian Army, which re- sulted in its capture by the Russians on July 25, 1916. Since the war it has become part of the territory of the new Armenian state. Pop. about 18,000, half being Mohammedans and half Christian Armenians. ESATT, the eldest son of Isaac, and twin brother of Jacob. His name (which signifies rough, hairy) was due to his singular appearance at birth, being "red, and all over like an hairy gar- ment." His story is told in the book of raising and lumbering center of the county and an important iron-shipping point. It has passenger and freight steamer connections with all the leading ports on the Great Lakes, public high school, St. Joseph's high school, public library, daily and weekly newspapers, and a National bank. Pop. (1910) 13,194; (1920) 13,103. ESCAPEMENT, a device intervening between the power and the time-meas- urer in a clock or watch, to convert a continuous rotary into an oscillating isochronous movement. It is acted on by each. Clocks and watches are gener- ally named according to the form of their escapement; as, chronometer,