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LEFT HASDBUBAL 481 HASTINGS UPON HUDSON boniferous formations, and broken through in a few places by granite, as in the Brocken, the highest peak (3,740 feet) of central Germany. The Harz are exceedingly rich in metals and minerals, as silver, iron, lead, copper, zinc, marble, alabaster, and granite. These mountains form a natural line of division between the Low German and the High German races. Industries con- nected with the mines and the forests, as well as some cattle-breeding and agri- culture, afford employment to the in- habitants. The rearing of singing birds is also a source of profit. The region is rich in historic and legendary interest. HASDRUBAL (haz'dro-bal), the name of several Carthaginian generals, of whom the most famous was the son-in- law of Hamilcar Barca. In 237 B. C. he accompanied Hamilcar into Spain, and gave that general most effective aid in the work of building up a Carthaginian dominion in the Peninsula. On the death of Hamilcar in 228 B. c. the task of administering and extending the new empire devolved on Hasdrubal, who ad- vanced the Carthaginian frontier from the Baetis (the Guadalquivir) to the Tagus, and founded a new capital, Nova Carthago (the modern Cartagena), a city with the best harbor on the S. E. coast of Spain, and situated in the vicinity of rich silver mines. Hasdrubal proved himself an admirable administra- tor. He was remarkably successful in conciliating the Iberian tribes, and ex- tended his rule mainly by peaceful means. So independent was he of the home government that the Romans made a treaty in which the Ebro was fixed on as the frontier line, not with Carthage, but with Hasdrubal. In the eighth year of his command, 221 B. C, he was assassi- nated by a Celtic slave. Another Has- drubal was the son of Hamilcar Barca and the brother of Hannibal. He de- feated Cneius Scipio in Spain in 212 B. C, and in 208 marched through Gaul, to join his brother Hannibal in Italy. He crossed the Alps in favorable weather, but, instead of pushing S. made a fatal delay at Placentia, and was surprised and slain on the Metaurus in 207 B. c. A third Hasdrubal was one of Hanni- bal's principal officers in the Italian cam- paigns. He made a brilliant charge at the battle of Cannae, which contributed greatly to decide the fate of the day. A fourth general of the same name de- fended Carthage against the Romans during the siege which ended in the city's destruction in 146 b. C. He is accused of cowardice and cruelty, and of having starved the citizens while himself living in revelry. HASSAM, CHILDE, an American artist, born in Boston, in 1859. He was educated in the public schools and studied art in Boston and in Paris. He was awarded a bronze medal at the Paris Exposition of 1889, and was after- ward awarded many medals and prizes at other exhibitions. He was recognized as one of the most talented of modern American artists. He was a member of the American Water Color Society, and the American Institute of Arts and Letters. HASSELT, capital of the Belgian province of Limburg, 18 miles N. W. of Maastricht, has several distilleries, manufactures linen fabrics, lace, and tobacco, and cultivates tobacco, madder, and chicory. In 1831 the Dutch defeated the Belgians here. HASTINGS, a maritime town of Eng- land, in Sussex, 54 miles S. E. of Lon- don. It had formerly a good trade, now declining, but is resorted to as a fashion- able watering place. Here the battle of Hastings, one of the most memorable events in the annals of English history, was fought between William, Duke of Normandy, and Harold II., King of Eng- land, on Oct. 14, 1066. Pop. about 65,000. HASTINGS, a city of Michigan, the county-seat of Barry co. It is on the Thornapple river, and on the Michigan Central and the Chicago, Kalamazoo, and Saginaw railroads. It is an impor- tant industrial community and has flour mills, cigar factories, and manufactories of pumps, carriages, wagons, etc. Ita public institutions include a public school library, and a city hall. Pop. (1910) 4,383; (1920) 5,132. HASTINGS, a city in Adams co.. Neb.; on the Burlington Route, the Chicago & Northwestern; the St. Joseph & Grand Island, and the Missouri Pacific rail- roads; 96 miles W. of Lincoln. It is the seat of Hastings College, the Chronic Insane Asylum, the Bethany Home and Hospital, and the Mary Lanning Hospi- tal. It is an important gram shipping center and has vinegar works, foundries, flour mills, and other manufacturing industries. There are electric lights, waterworks, public library, high school, daily and weekly newspapers, and three National banks. Pop. (1910) 9,338; (1920) 11,647. HASTINGS UPON HUDSON, a vil- lage of New York, in Westchester co. It is a residential suburb of New York, but has important industries, including the manufacture of copper-wire cable, cop- per, brass, paving bricks, dyestuffs.