Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/540

LEFT HARBXJBG 468 HARDING American Military Mission to Armenia, and made a detailed report of conditions in that country. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. HARBURG (har'borc), a seaport of Prussia, in the province of Hanover, 5 miles S. of Hamburg, on the Elbe. Its industries prior to the World War in- cluded gutta-percha goods, palm-oil, cotton-seed oil, saltpeter and other chem- icals, artificial manure, walking sticks, leather, mineral water, machines, beer, and jute. After the deepening of the Elbe the commerce of Harburg greatly increased. It is a place of holiday resort for the Hamburgers. Pop. about 67,000. HARCOTTRT, SIR WILLIAM GEORGE GRANVILLE VENABLES VERNON, a British lawyer and poli- tician, son of the Rev. William Vernon Harcourt; born Oct. 14, 1827. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, was called to the bar in 1854, became Queen's Counsel in 1866; contributed frequently to the press; was returned for Oxford city in 1869 in the Liberal interest; distinguished himself by his powers of satire and ridicule in debate; was made solicitor-general in Mr. Glad- stone's ministry, November, 1873; home secretary in 1880, when he lost his seat for Oxford, but was returned for Derby. He introduced the Arms Bill (Ireland), 1881; Prevention of Crimes Bill, 1882; an Explosives Bill, 1883. In February, 1886, he was made chancellor of the exchequer; and after the resignation of Mr. Gladstone's ministry became a prom, inent leader of the Gladstonian section; in 1892 was reappointed chancellor of the exchequer. Died Oct. 1, 1904. HARDEE, WILLIAM J., an Ameri- can military officer; born in Savannah, Ga., Oct. 10, 1815; was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1838; served with distinction in the Mexican War; in the Civil War entered the Confederate army with the rank of colonel; commanded a corps at Shiloh; promoted to lieutenant-general in 1862; commanded the left wing of the Confed- erate army at Periyville; defended Savannah against General Sherman in December, 1864. He died in Wytheville, Va., Nov. 6, 187S. HARDEN, MAXIMILIAN FELIX ERNST, a German editor and journalist, bom in Berlin, 1861, son of a Jewish mer- chant named Witowski. He was educated in the French Gymnasium in Berlin, then began his life vocation as a journalist, first attracting attention by his political articles, written under the pseudonym "Apostata." In 1892 he founded and began to edit his famous weekly paper, "Die Zukunft" (the Future). His pun- gent and critical editorials soon gained for him national prominence. With bitter invective and satire he pointed out the evils of the government and German society which made his paper the most feared of all German publica- tions by the ruling classes. He showed himself bitterly opposed to the war when Germany attacked France in 1914. Many editions of his paper were con- fiscated or suppressed by the Govern- ment during the war. Harden was espe- cially strong in his denunciation of the Government's anti-American policy, and referred to the United States as "a great storehouse of idealism." Much capital was made of Harden's many exposures by the Socialists, but Harden himself was never a Socialist, and wrote as bit- terly against Bolshevism as he had against German Imperialism. HARDERWIJK (har'der-wik), a fish- ing town of the Netherlands, on the S. E. shore of the Zuider Zee, 31 miles N. E. of Utrecht. From 1648 to 1811 it was the seat of a university. It is now a depot for recruits for the Dutch East Indian army. HARDICANUTE (-nut'), a king of England, son of Canute the Great and Emma of Normandy, the widow of Ethelred II.; born about 1019. At the time of his father's death (1035) Hardi- canute was in Denmark, and the throne was given to Harold, his younger brother; Wessex, however, was reserved for the absent prince, whose claims to the kingdom were upheld by Godwin and Emma. On the death of Harold, in 1040, Hardicanute was elected king in his place. In the short space of two years he' provoked the discontent of his sub- jects by the imposition of a very heavy danegeld. He died in Lambeth, near London, June 8, 1042. HARDING, WARREN GAMALIEL, an American statesman, elected Presi- dent of the United States, on Nov. 2, 1920. He was born in the village of Blooming Grove, O., on Nov. 2, 1865, on a farm belonging to his grandfather, Charles Harding, who was one of the pioneers in the settlement of Ohio. The boy was the oldest of eight children. His father, George Tyron Harding, was a village physician and cultivated a small farm to aid in the support of the large family. His mother was Phebe Dickerson, who was descended from an old-time Holland-Dutch family, the Van Kirks. His first education was obtained in the country school of the neighbor- hood, and at the age of 14 he entered X/y>. n'' 3.