Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/531

LEFT HAMMOND 459 HAMMURAPI was burnt July 21, 1890. Pop. about 2,700. HAMMOND, a city in Lake co., Ind.; on the Grand Calumet river, and on the Pennsylvania Company, the Chesapeake and Ohio, the Pere Marquette, the Michi- gan Central, and several other impor- tant railroads; 18 miles S. E. of Chi- cago, 111. It has numerous railway supply shops, foundries, tanneries, chem- ical works, nail mills, packing houses, etc. There are electric lights, and street railways, public high school, 2 National banks, daily and weekly newspapers, and an assessed valuation of $5,000,000. Pop. (1910) 20,925; (1920) 36,004. HAMMOND, JOHN HAYS, an Amer- ican engineer; born at San Francisco in 1855. He received his preliminary engi- neering training at the Sheffield Scien- tific School, Yale University, and took his advanced work at the Royal School of Mines, Freiberg, Grermany. He received honorary degrees from Stevens Institute of Technology and St. John's College. In 1880, as special expert Avith the United States Geological Survey, he was en- gaged in the work of mapping the Cali- fornia gold deposits. As an expert on JOHN HAYS HAMMOND mining properties, he was retained as consultant by the Union Ii-on Works of San Francisco and the Central and Southern Pacific railroads. His wide knowledge of mining opei*ations and min- ing geology led to his connection with Cecil Rhodes in south African gold de- velopment. Active in the Transvaal in 1895-1896, he was arrested, sentenced to death and released upon payment of $125,000 fine. He returned to the United States in 1900 and became interested in the promotion of large-scale mining ven- tures and various hydro-electric and irri- gation works. He became widely known as a University lecturer and was Presi- dent of the Panama Pacific Exposition Commission, 1912, President of the Amer- ican Institute of Mining Engineers, 1907- 1908, and a member of several scientific societies. HAMMOND, WILLIAM ALEX- ANDER, an American surgeon; born in Annapolis, Md., Aug, 28, 1828; was graduated at the University of the City of New York in 1848; joined the United States army in 1849 as assistant surgeon; became surgeon-general in April, 1862; was found guilty of misde- meanor by court-martial and discharged from the army in 1864; practiced in New York till 1878, when the proceedings of the court-martial were reviewed and he Vv'as restored to his former rank in the army and retired. His publications in- clude ''Military Hygiene"; "Sleep and Its Derangements"; "Nervous Derange- ments"; "Diseases of the Nervous Sys- tem"; etc.; also several novels, includ- ing "Robert Severne"; "A Son of Perdi- tion"; etc. He died in Washington, D. C, Jan. 5, 1900. HAMMONTON, a town of New Jer- sey, in Atlantic co. It is on the At- lantic City and the West Jersey and Seashore raih-oads. It is the center of an important fruit-growing and poultry- raising region. Its industries include the manufacture of shoes, cut-glass ware, under^vear, hosiery, optical in- struments, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,088; (1920) 6,417. HAMMUBAPI, a King of Babylon (2124-2081 B. C). The sixth ruler of the first dsmasty of Babylon of the line of Sumuabu the Amorite (2232-2217 B. c). It is believed that at an early period of his rule he recognized the overlordship of the Elamite King, Kudur Mabtrk, his immediate and war- like neighbor. The passage in Gen. xiv: 1 is suggestive of a possible northerly raid by Hammurapi with an- other King of Elam. Kudur Lagamar by name. It is likely that this event took place subsequent to Hammurapi's operations against the Mesopotamian cities which he is known to have con- ducted during the early half of his reign. In 2094 he extended his con- quests and achieved his independence