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LEFT GBOUSE 416 GUADALAJABA from exile in 1819, and was reinstated as marshal in 1831. He died in St. Etienne, May 29, 1847. GROUSE, in ornithology, various game-birds, specially the Tetrao tetrix, called the black grouse, and Lagojms acoticus, the red gi'ouse. The male of the former is called the black cock, and the female the gray hen. The red, called also the common grouse, inhabits moors. Besides Tetrao, the grouse family con- tains the genus Lagopus (Ptarmigan), etc., the ruffled grouse is the genus Bon- asia; sand grouse are the family Ptera- clidx; and the wood grouse is the Ca- percailzie. They are well known to be large plump birds, with beautifully varie- SAGE GROUSE gated plumage, which must often be pro- tective. They are especially abundant in the N. parts of both Old and New World. The male is famous for his habit of drumming, or beating stiffly downward with his wings. The largest American grouse is the cock of the plains or sage cock. GROVE, in comparative religion, a group of trees under which religious worship is held. GROVE, SIR GEORGE, an English author; born in Clapham, England, in 1820; was trained as a civil engineer, and erected in the West Indies the first two cast-iron lighthouses built. As a member of the staff of Robert Stephen- son he was employed at the Chester general station and the Britannia tubu- lar bridge. He was secretary to the Society of Arts from 1849 to 1852, and secretary to the Crystal Palace Com- pany from 1852 to 1873, where he sub- semiently became a director. He was editor of "Macmillan's Magazine," a large contributor to Smith's "Dictionary of the Bible," and editor and part author of the "Great Dictionary of Music and Musicians." D. C. L. from Durham Uni- versity in 1872, and LL. D. of Glas- gow in 1886. He was knighted in 1883 on the opening of the Royal College of Music, Kensington Gore, of which he was made Director by the Prince of Wales. He also assisted Dean Stanley in some of his works on the Bible and the East, and was founder of the Pales- tine Exploration Fund. He died in Lon- don, England, May 28, 1900. GROVE CITY COLLEGE, a non- sectarian coeducational institution in Grove City, Pa.; founded in 1876; re- ported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 54; students, 859; presi- dent, W. C. Ketler. GROW, GALUSHA AARON, an Amer- ican legislator; born in Eastford, Conn., Aug. 31, 1822; was graduated at Am- herst College in 1844; was admitted to the bar in 1847; settled in Towanda, Pa., and there practiced; was a member of Congress in 1851-1863 and speaker dur- ing the last two years. In 1871-1876 he was president of the International and Great Northern railroad of Texas. In 1894 he was elected Representative-at- Large by a plurality of 297,446 over De- Witt, the Democratic nominee, and a majority of 269,778 over all other can- didates, these being the largest numbers of votes ever given in any State of the Union to any candidate for any office up to that time. He was re-elected in 1896, 1898, and 1900. He died March 31, 1907. GUADALAJARA (g^'a"da-la-ha'ra), a town of Guadalajara province, Spain; on the Henares, 35 miles N. E. of Mad- rid. It has manufactures of flannel and serge, and a royal college of engineering. Here is the quaint, neglected palace of the Mendozas. GUADALAJARA, city and capital of the State of Jalisco, Mexico, and the second city of the republic ; in a valley by the Rio Grande de Santiago, here crossed by a fine bridge of 26 arches, 280 miles W. N. W. of Mexico City, with which the place is connected by rail. Though most of the houses are of only one story, the town presents a pleasing appearance. Guadalajara is the seat of an archbishop, and possesses a handsome cathedral, be- sides the government palace, a mint, uni- versity, hospitals, and school of art. Its industries are important; it is the chief seat of the cotton and woolen manufac- tures of the country, and the Guadala- jara pottery and metal wares, like the confectionery, have a reputation all over Mexico. Pop. about 120,000.