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LEFT ENGLEWOOD 24 ENGLISH LANGUAGE the tractarians had begun. In 1860 the "Essays and Reviews," and in 1862 a work by Bishop Colenso on the Penta- teuch, gave prominence to the opposite pole of thought, being what theologians call strongly rationalistic. Church con- gresses, bringing the representatives of these three parties face to face, softened their antagonisms, and fear of common danger renders them more united than they otherwise would be. In the English Church there are 3 archbishops (Canterbury, York, and Wales) and 143 bishops, and 39 suffra- gan and assistant bishops, 2 of the arch- bishops and 24 of the bishops having seats in the House of Lords ; subordinate to these ai'e 30 deans, 100 archdeacons, 613 rural deans, and about 13,500 bene- ficed clergy, the whole clerical staff of all grades being about 23,000. The total membership throughout the world in 1919 was estimated at over 6,000,000, of whom about 2,400,000 were in Eng- land and Wales, about 576,000 in Ireland, about 56,000 in Scotland, and about 3,000,000 in other parts of the world. Previous to 1871, the English Church and the Established Church of Ireland, constituted but a single body, called the United Church of England and Ireland. It is powerful also in the colonies, and by means of its two great societies, the Propagation and the Church Missionary Societies, acts powerfully on nearly every part of the heathen world. The Church in Wales and Monmouthshire was dis- established and disendowed by an act passed in 1914 which came into force in 1920. Under the National Assembly of the Church of England (Powers) Act of 1919 there is, in England, a National As- sembly, consisting of a House of Bishops, a House of Clergy, and a House of Laymen, and having power to legislate regarding Church matters. ENGLEWOOD, a city of New Jersey, in Bergen co. It is on the Erie railroad. It is chiefly a residential city, and con- tains a hospital, a public library, and other public buildings. Pop. (1910) 9,924; (1920) 11,627. ENGLISH, THOMAS DUNN, an American author; born in Philadelphia, Pa., June 29, 1819; was graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsyl- vania in 1839; admitted to the bar in 1842; engaged in journalism in New York in 1844-1859; then resumed medi- cal practice in Newark, N. J. He was a member of tR'e state assembly in 1863- 1864, and of Congress in 1891-1895. He was the author of "Ben Bolt," an exceed- ingly popular ballad (1843); "Walter •Woolfe" (1842) ; "Ambrose Fecit, or the Peer and the Painter" (1869) ; "Ameri- can Ballads" (1882) ; "Book of Battle Lyrics" (1886) ; "Jacob Schuyler's Mil- lions" (1886) ; "Old Glory" song (1898) ; etc. He died in 1902. ENGLISH, WILLIAM HAYDEN, an American capitalist; born in Lexington, Ind., Aug. 27, 1822; received a college education and became a lawyer; was elected to Congress in 1852 and served there through four consecutive terms. As a member of the Committee on Terri- tories, in opposition to his own party, he worked against the admission of Kansas to the Union. He reported from the Committee of Conference what was known as the "English bill," in which it was urged that the question of admis- sion be referred back to the people of Kansas according to the provision of the Lecompton constitution. This bill was adopted and the people voted against admission. He strongly opposed seces- sion. In 1861 he retired to private life; was president of the First National bank of Indianapolis, in 1863-1877, and was also interested in railroads. In 1880 he was the Democratic nominee for Vice- President on the ticket with General Hancock. He published a historical and biographical work on the constitution and lawmakers of his State. He died in Indianapolis, Ind., Feb. 7, 1896. ENGLISH CHANNEL, the arm of sea which separates England from France, extending on the English side, from Dover to Land's End; and on the French from Calais to the island of Ushant. On the E. it communicates with the Ger- man Ocean by the Strait of Dover, 21 miles wide; and on the W. it opens into the Atlantic by an entrance about 100 miles wide. At its greatest breadth it is about 150 miles. The pilchard and mackerel fisheries are very important. The advantages of a railway tunnel across the Channel at its narrowest part have been frequently urged ; and an Eng- lish company formed for the purpose of constructing a tunnel half way across from Dover to meet a similar tunnel starting from near Calais, pushed an ex- cavation under the sea for over 2,000 yards, but was interdicted by the British goveiTiment for military reasons. This tunnel would have a total length of 23 miles. ENGLISH LANGUAGE, a member of the Teutonic family of languages, which form three groups: (1) Low German. (2) Scandinavian, and (3) High Ger- man. The English language belongs to the first of these groups. The Teutonic languages themselves form a subdivision of the European division of that great