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LEFT GOFF 349 GOJAM rapher. On his return, Goethe was ap- pointed minister of state. In 1795 ap- peared the first part of his "William Meister," and in 1797 "Hermann and Dorothea," the finest of his minor pro- ductions. In 1805 the first portion of his great masterpiece, "Faust," appeared and raised him to the highest rank of literary fame. In 1807, the Czar Alex- ander of Russia conferred on Goethe the order of St. Alexander Newski — an ex- ample followed by Napoleon with the grand cross of the Legion of Honor. In 1809 appeared his "Elective Affinities," a work in which he advanced certain views on the marital relation which disgusted the moralists. The year 1818 beheld the second part of his "William Meister," the "Wandering Years," and in 1831, the second part of "Faust." Goethe died in Weimar, March 22, 1832. GOFF. NATHAN, United States sena- tor from West Virginia, born in Clarks- burg, W. Va., in 1843. He was educated at Georgetown College and at the Uni- versity of the City of New York. Dur- ing the Civil War he served in the Union Arney, rising to the rank of major. He was admitted to the bar in 1866 and in the following year he was elected to the West Virginia House of Representatives. He was an unsuccessful candidate for governor of the State in 1876. President Hayes appointed him Secretary of the Navy in 1881. He was United States district attorney in the following year, and was a member of Congress from 1883 to 1889. From 1892 to 1911 he was United States circuit judge, and was judge of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals in 1912-1913. In the latter year he was elected United States sena- tor for the term ending 1919. He died in the latter year. GOFFE, WILLIAM, an English par- liamentary soldier, one af the judges of Charles I.; born about 1605. He be- came a major-general in the Parliamen- tary army, sat in the House of Commons and in Cromwell's "other house," and was one of the judges who signed Charles I.'s death-warrant. In 1660, with his father-in-law, Edward Whalley, he fled to America ; they lay in hiding about .Vew Haven from 1661 to 1664, when they vvent to Hadley, Mass. There they lived for many years in seclusion. According to tradition, when the townsmen were called from the meeting-house to repel an Indian attack, and were standing irreso- lute, Goffe put himself at their head and drove off the redskins, and then disappeared as suddenly as he had come. He died in Hadley, Mass., in 1679. Vol. IV— Cyc— V GOG and MAGOG, names several times used in the Bible, and given to the famous figures of giants in the Guildhall, London. Magog is spoken of by the writer of Genesis as a son of Japhet; Ezekiel speaks of Gog, Prince of Magog, as a terrible ruler in the far N., united with the Persians, Armenians, and Cim- merians against Israel; Gog and Magog in the Apocalypse appear as co-ordinata terms comprehending all future enemies of the kingdom of God. The name Magog was often applied generally to all the unknown races N. of the Caucasus. GOGOL, NIKOLAI (go'gol), a Russian novelist and miscellaneous writer; bora in the government of Poltawa, March 31 (N. S.), 1809. He is the author of the novels " Dead Souls" and "Taras Bulba"; of a comedy entitled "The Revisor," and two collections of short tales illustrative of rural life in Little Russia, his native country. His works found great favor in Russia, and in translation in Europe and the United States. He died in Moscow, March 4 (N. S.), 1852. GOGRA (gog'ra),or GHAGBA (ghag' ra), one of the largest affluents of the Ganges, joining that river from the N. at the town of Chapra, after a generally S. E. course of 600 miles. It rises in the higher Himalayas, passes through Nepal, and after reaching the level land be- comes the great waterway of the North- west provinces and Oudh. Its principal tributary is the Rapti, also of commercial importance. GOIL, LOCH, a small but highly pic- turesque loch in Argyllshire, Scotland, a branch of Loch Long, 6 miles in length and less than 1 mile in breadth. Its shores are for the most part wild and rugged. The mountains in the neighbor- hood rise to the height of more than 2,000 feet. Lochgoilhead is a favorite watering-place. GOITER, or GOITRE (Latin, guttn7^= the throat), or Bronchocele. A disease which arises from a morbid enlargement of the thyroid gland, causing an unsight- ly, but painless, deformity. It is more common among women than among men, in the proportion of about 12 to 1. It pre- vails chiefly, if not exclusively, in villages situated on or close to limestone rocks. GOJAM (go-jam'), a province of Abyssinia, lying S. of Lake Dembea; lat. 10° to 11° N., Ion. 37° to 38° E. The surface is, in many portions, mountain- ous; in others it is diversified by hill and dale, affording good pastures, which are well watered by the various affluents of the Abai river.