Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/406

LEFT GOALANDA 342 GOAT MOTH a "goal" may be scored. According to Rug-by rules, the ball must be kicked over the cross bar; according to associa- tion rules, it must go under. Also the act of kicking the ball through or over the goal posts. GOALANDA (go-a-lan'da), a market- town of Bengal, on a tongue of land at the confluence of the main streams of the Ganges and Brahmaputra, an im- portant entrepot for the river trade, the terminus of the Eastern Bengal railway, and the starting point of the Assam steamers. Busy markets are held daily, and the river is crowded with native craft, in which most of the trade is carried on, and fishing boats. GOA POWDER, a powder deriving its name from the island of Goa, on the Malabar coast; it is very bitter and is the material from which chrysarobin is obtained. GOAB. See St. Goak. GOAT, Capra hireus, the domestic goat, which exists, in a wild or semi-wild state, in all the European mountain ranges. It is generally supposed that it may be a descendant of the paseng of Persia (C. asgagrus). The males fight furiously with each other in the rutting time. They have an offensive smell. A most important variety, formed into a breed by artificial selection, is the Angora goat, where almost the whole body is enveloped in that long, silky, white hair. The Angora goat has been introduced into Cape Colony, Australia, and the United States. The Kashmir ANGORA GOAT goat, from Tibet and Bokhara, is almost equally valuable, furnishing the white to brown hair used in making Kashmir wares. It has been successfully accli- matized in France. A third variety, is the Mamber goat from Asia Minor and Tartary, distinguished by its long pendent ears. The Syrian goat, which also has long ears, is trained in the East to all manner of tricks. The Alpine ibex is a magnificent goat, without beard, but with very strong, slightly divergent much-ridged horns. It is now rare. The goat is capable of the most perfect domestication, and becomes extremely attached and familiar. The flesh is good; that of the kid, or young goat, is in most countries esteemed a deli- cacy. Requiring but little attention, ROCKY MOUNTAIN GOAT and able to subsist on rough diet, the goat is in many countries "the cow of the poor." The milk is very rich and nuti'itious, more easy of digestion than that of the cow, and often useful to consumptive patients. Both cheese and butter are made of goats' milk; they have a peculiar but not disagreeable flavor. Goats' milk is still very much used in Syria and other parts of the East. The skin of the goat was early used for clothing, and is now dressed as leather for making gloves and the finer kinds of shoes (see Gloves). The hair is used for making ropes which are indestructible in water, and for making wigs for judges, barristers, and other functionaries. For the latter purpose the hair of white goats is used. The horns are used for making knife handles, etc., and the fat is said to be superior to that of the ox for candles. The Rocky Mountain goat is an antelope rather than a goat. See Angora Goat. In Christian art the goat is an emblem of impurity. GOATFISH, Balistes capriscus, a fish of a brownish-gray color, spotted with blue, or greenish. Its flesh is little esteemed. Its appropriate habitat is the Mediterranean. GOAT MOTH, Cossus ligniperda, a large moth belonging to the family Zenzeridx. The fore wings are pale brown, clouded with whitish, and marked with numerous short, irregular trans- verse wavy black lines; hind wings pale- smoky, with similar transverse dark