Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/393

LEFT QLASSITES 329 QLATZ 16th centui'y, and consists of goblets and tankards of white color, enameled with colored coats of arms and other devices, millefiori, and schmeltz glass. Engraved glass was first introduced by Casper Leh- mann, at Prague, in 1609, under imperial protection, and continued by his pupil Schwanhard; and ruby glass by Kunckel in 1679. Glass is said to have been made in 1294 at Quinquengrone, in Normandy, and a common kind was made later in Dauphine and Provence. In 1665 20 Venetian glass workers were brought by Colbert to Paris, where they set up the blowing of glass and the silvering of mirrors, the famous mirror hall in Versailles having been furnished by them. In 1688 an exclusive privilege of making large plates of glass by casting was conferred on Abraham Thevart. The name Thevart was assumed by a syndi- cate of capitalists formed to develop and work the invention of Louis Lucas de Nehon, who was the real inventor of plate glass and the founder of the Gobain works, one of the most extensive plate glass works in the world. In France oxide of lead flint glass was made at St. Cloud in 1784; another manufactory was subsequently established at St. Louis in 1790; and the St. Cloud establishment was removed to the vicinity of Mont Cenis, where it flourished till 1827. It is uncertain whether glass was made in England before the 16th century, as that mentioned may have been im- ported from Flanders or Venice. In 644 Benedict Biscop inti'oduced makers of glass windows into Northumbria; but window glass was not in general use for windows till the 15th century. Attempts were made to establish glass works at Jamestown, Va., in 1608-1622; at Salem, Mass., in 1639-1640; in New York City before 1664; and in Pennsylvania before 1683. Subsequently works were estab- lished in 1780 at Temple, N. H.; in 1792 at Boston; and in 1797 at Pittsburgh. Plate glass was first made there in 1853, and it is also made at Baltimore and New York. Pressed glass was invented in the United States. GLASSITES, a religious sect, which sprang up in Scotland about 1729, and was so called after its founder, the Rev. John Glas, who was originally a min- ister of the Church of Scotland, but was deposed by the General Assembly. He was opposed to all national establish- ments for the support of relicrinn, and advocated a system of independent Church government. One of his princi- pal disciples was Robert Sandeman, who formed a congregation in London in 1762. This sect in England bears the name of Sandemanians. The leading tenets of the Glassites, or Sandemanians, relate to the eflicacy of the atonement and the nature of faith. They hold that "the bare death of Christ, without a deed or thought on the part of man, is suffi- cient to present the chief of sinners spot- less before God"; and that "faith is no more than a simple assent to the divine testimony, passively received by the un- derstanding." They observe certain peculiar practices, supposed to have been prevalent among the primitive Chris- tians; such as weekly sacraments, love- feasts, washing each other's feet, the kiss of charity, etc. GLASS MOSAIC, an imitation of an- tique mosaic work, formed of small cubes of glass mixed with various coloring matters, chiefly metallic oxides, so as to form opaque colored enamels, which are cast into slabs or flat cakes, the slab being afterward cvit into very small cubes or rectangular pieces. With these little colored cubes a picture is built up by inserting each one separately in a bed of cement. GLASSPORT, a borough of Pennsyl- vania, in Allegheny co. It is on the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad, and on the Monongahela river. It is the center of an important coal-mining re- gion, and its industries include the manu- facture of axes, steel hoops, glass, foun- dry products, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,540; (1920) 6,959. GLASSPOT, the pot in which the frit is fused into glass. They are made of pure refractory clay, mixed with about one-fifth its weight of old pots pulverized by grinding, are built up instead of being formed on a mold, and baked by being subjected to a white heat. GLASS ROPE, a genus of siliceous sponges, consisting of a cup-shaped body affixed to a muddy part of the sea bot- tom by means of a rope of long twisted siliceous fibers. GLASS SNAKE, a lizard, of the family Zonuridse, or Chalcidfe. From the ab- sence of feet, they look like serpents. They are found i" this country. The name glass snake is supposed to allude to the brittleness of their tail. GLASTONBURY, a to%vn of Somer- setshire, England, 25 miles S. of Bath. It was the seat of the most magnificent and wealthy abbey in England, the last abbot of which was hanged for refusing to surrender it to Henry VIII. Its ruins are still extensive. GLATZ (glats), a town of the province of Silesia, Prussia, on the left bank of the Neisse, 52 miles S. S. W. of Breslau. It has four Catholic churches. Its manu- factures before the World War included