Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/383

LEFT GILMAN 319 GINSENG (verse, 1898) ; "The Yellow Wallpaper" (1899) ; "Concerning Children" (1900) ; (1903) ; "Human Work" (1904) ; "What Diantha Did" (1910) ; "The Man Made World" (1910); "The Crux" (1911); "Moving the Mountain" (1911). GILMAN, DANIEL COIT, an Ameri- can educator; born in Norwich, Conn., July 6, 1831; was graduated at Yale College in 1852; Professor of Physical and Political Geography in Yale in 1856- 1872 ; president of the University of Cali- fornia in 1872-1875. When Johns Hop- kins University was founded in Balti- more, Md., in 1875, he was elected its first president and served in that capa- city till 1901, when he resigned and be- came editor-in-chief of the revised edition of the "International Cyclopaedia." In 1896-1897 he was a member of the com- mission to settle the boundary line be- tween Venezula and British Guiana. His publications include "Life of James Mon- roe"; "University Problems"; "Introduc- tion" to DeTocqueville's "Democracy in America," etc. In 1901 Gilman was elected president of the Carnegie Insti- tute at Washington. He died on Oct. 18, 1908. GILMAN. NICHOLAS PAINE, edu- cator; born in Quincy, 111., Dec. 21, 1849; was graduated at Harvard Divinity School in 1871 ; editor of the Boston "Literary World" in 1888-1895; then be- came Professor of Sociology and Ethics in the Meadville Theological School. His publications include "Profit-Sharing Be- tween Employer and Employee": "So- cialism and the American Spirit." He died in 1912. GILOLO, or JILOLO (je-lo'lS), an is- land of the Molucca group in the Indian Archipelago; area 6,500 square miles. It is of singular form, consisting of four peninsulas, radiating from a common center, and having large bays between. It is rugged and mountainous. The prin- cipal productions are sago, cocoanuts, spices, fruits, edible birds'-nests, horses, cattle, and sheep. The original inhabit- ants, called Alfoories, have been grad- ually pressed into the interior by the Malays. GILSONITE, a variety of asphalt found as a deposit In Utah, stated to be the purest bitumen occurring naturally. Its color is a brilliant, lustrous black, but on exposure to air it breaks down into a brown powder. Specific gravity, 1.067. Soluble in alcohol, turpentine and carbon bisulphide. Used in the manufacture of varnishes, and for insulating and water- proofing. GIN, a compounded spirit, prepared either by redistilling plain spirit with juniper berries, coriander seeds, angelica root, etc., or by adding various essential oils to rectified spirit. In machinery, a portable hoisting ma- chine whose frame is a tripod, one leg being movable so as to vary its angle of elevation, and thus determine the height of the apex; the other two legs preserve their relative distance, and form stand- ards for the drum, round which the rope is wound by power applied to the hand- spikes. For heavy weights a fall and tackle is used; and for hoisting a bucket from a well or mine, simply a couple of pulleys to change the direction of motion of the rope. Also, a machine for sep- arating cotton fiber from the seeds, GINGER, in botany. Zingiber officinale, common or narrow-leaved ginger. It is a native of India, but is cultivated in most tropical countries. There is a broad- leaved ginger, Z. zerumbet, also a native of India. It is used externally for cata- plasms and fomentations, but is not eaten. In ordinary language, the dry, wrinkled rhizomes of the ginger-plant. The pieces, or as they are called races, are usually from 2 to 4 inches long, branched, flat, and of a pale buff color. The chief varie- ties imported into the United States are Jamaica, Cochin, Bengal, Japan, and African. The first three are scraped gin- gers, and of these Jamaica is the most esteemed owing to its color and flavor. Ginger is an agreeable aromatic and a valuable stomachic; but is more largely used as a condiment than as a medicine. Preserved ginger, so largely imported from China in jars, consists of the young rhizomes boiled in syrup. GINGKO. the Japanese name of a coniferous tree of the yew alliance, with very characteristic leaves, in form and variation recalling the leaflets of the maiden-hair ferns. The yellow, drupe- like seeds reach the size of a walnut, and are largely eaten throughout China and Japan. The Japanese esteemed the tree as sacred, and planted it round their temples. The tree is dioecious, but the Chinese sometimes plant several male and female trees close together, so that male and female flowers appear to arise on the same tree. GINSENG (Chinese Gensen— "that which resembles a man"), a root used in China as a medicine. It is the root of a species of Panax (order Araliacese). P. Ginseng of Chinese Tartary is similar to P. quinquefoUum of North America, which is exported to China. The ginseng of Korea is most valued, and is carefully cultivated in that country. The root is
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