Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/378

LEFT GIBRALTAB, BAY OF 314 GIBSON supply is derived from the rainfall. Gi- braltar is a free port, and has a con- siderable shipping trade. The chief ex- port is wine. The administration is vested in the governor, who is also commander-in-chief of the troops. Pop. (1919), 16,096. It was ultimately taken by the Spaniards from the Moors in 1462, fortified in the European style, and so much strengthened that the en- gineers of the 17th century considered it impregnable. It was taken, however, after a vigorous bombardment in 1704 by a combined English and Dutch force under Sir George Rooke and Prince George of Darmstadt, and was secured to Great Britain by the peace of Utrecht in 1713. Since then it has remained in British hands, notwithstanding some harbor, two moles have been constructed, which respectively extend 1,100 and 700 feet into the bay. The Spanish town and port of Algeciras lie on its W. side. GIBRALTAR MONKEY, an originally African monkey, a colony of which is wild on the rocks of Gibraltar. GIBRALTAR, STRAITS OF, the straits connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean extending from Cape Spartel to Cape Ceuta, on the N. W. coast of Africa, and from Cape Tra- falgar to Europa Point on the S. W. sea- board of Spain. They narrow toward the E., their width between Europa Point and Cape Ceuta being only 15 miles, while at the W. extremity it is 24 miles. Length, E. to W., about 36 miles. ROCK OF GIBRALTAR desperate efforts on the part of Spain and France to retake it. In 1779, Great Britain being then engaged in a war with its revolted colonies and with France, a last grand effort was made by Spain to recover Gibraltar. The siege lasted for nearly four years. It was heroically and successfully defended, however, by Gen- eral Elliott (afterward Lord Heathfield) and the garrison. Since that time, in the various British and Spanish and also French wars, Gibraltar has only been blockaded on the land side. GIBRALTAR, BAY OF, an inlet of the sea formed by the headland of Ca- brita and Europa Point, 4 miles distant from each other, and is spacious and well adapted for shipping, being protected from all the more dangerous winds; the extreme depth within the bay is 110 fathoms. To increase the security of the GIBSON, CHARLES DANA, an Amer- can artist and Illustrator, born at Rox- bury, Mass., in 1867. He was educated in private schools and studied art at the Art Students' League at New York. He early attained success with his black and white drawings in magazines; and his drawings of social subjects done in a gently satiric vein gained for him a wide reputation. He became one of the most widely known artists, not only in the United States but in England. Much of his work was done for the humorous periodical "Life," which he purchased in 1920. His published books of pictures include "Sketches in London"; "People of Dickens"; "Drawings"; "The Educa- tion of Mr. Pipp"; "A Widow and Her Friends"; and "The Social Ladder". He was a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters.