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LEFT OEELVINK BAT 275 GELA Limestone and a kind of marble are found in the neighborhood. The indus- tries are the manufacture of woolen cloths and paper, meat preserving, tan- ning, rope making, fishing, etc. It has two parks, botanical garden, government buildings, a town hall, a new postoffice (1889), an excellent hospital, a chamber of commerce, mechanics' institute, etc. Corio Bay is a favorite bathing resort; and on the E. boundary of the town are extensive limestone quarries. Pop., in- cluding suburbs (1918), 34,080, GEELVINK BAY (gal'vink), an arm of the Pacific, penetrating 125 miles S. into the W. arm of New Guinea. Its en- trance, about 155 miles wide, is protected by several islands; its shores are well wooded, flat and fertile, but unhealthy. The bay is separated by a narrow isth- mus from the Alfura Sea on the S., and by a still narrower isthmus from Mc- Clure Gulf on the W. GEESTEMTJNDE (gas'te-miin-de), a seaport of Prussia, at the confluence of the Geeste with the Weser; immediately S. E. of Bremerhaven. It owes its im- portance to the docks and wharves con- structed in 1857-1863. It has also a school of navigation; imports petroleum, tobacco, rice, coffee, timber, and corn; and carries on various industries con- nected with shipping. GEFLE (yaf'la), chief town of the Swedish Ian of Gefleborg; on the Gulf of Bothnia, 71 miles N. by W. of Upsala. The port for Dalecarlia, Gefle ranks third among the commercial towns of Sweden, coming next to Stockholm and Gothen- burg. Among the noteworthy buildings are the castle (16th and 18th century) and the town hall. Gefle, which has been rebuilt since its destruction by fire in 1869, has a school of navigation, and carries on shipbuilding, the manufacture of sail-cloth, cotton, and tobacco, and fisheries. It carries on an active trade, the principal exports being iron, timber, and tar. Pop. about 32,000. GEHENNA (ge-hen'a) (Hebrew Ge Hinnom, the Valley of Hinnom), in Scriptural geography a valley anciently belonging to a man, Hinnom, of whom nothing is known (Josh, xviii: 16), and inherited by his son or sons, whence it is called the Valley of the Son of Hinnom (Josh. XV : 8), or of the children of Hinnom (II Kings xxiii: 10). In Joshua it is described as lying S. of Jebusi, the Jebusite capital, which afterwai-d be- came Jerusalem (xviii: 16). Here, dur- ing the later period of the Jewish kings, men made their sons and daughters pass through the fire to Molech or Moloch, the Ammonite fire-god (II Kings xxiii: 10; II Chron. xxxiii : 6), or actually burnt them in the fire (II Chron. xxviii: 3). Tophet was in it (II Kings xxiii: 10), and a prophetic passage mentions the size and fierceness of the fires there burn- ing for the "King" [Molech means king] (Isaiah xxx: 33). Josiah put an end to these cruel practices, and defiled the place (II Kings xxiii: 10). It was doomed afterward to become an over- crowded cemetery (Jer. vii: 32). When the Jews outgrew all love of human sacrifice, they regarded the place with horror, the rabbis deeming it the gate of hell. The valley, which the Arabs call Gehennam, is thoroughly known. It is narrow and deep, with rugged lime- stone cliffs excavated for tombs, and the mountain sides overtopping all. For the Gehenna of Scripture, see Hell. GEIKIE, SIR ARCHIBALD (geTci), a Scottish geologist; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Dec. 28, 1835. He was edu- cated at the high school and university. In 1855 he was appointed to the Geolog- ical Survey; in 1867 became director to the sui^ey in Scotland; from 1870 to 1881 was Murchison Professor of Geol- ogy in Edinburgh University; and in 1881 was appointed director-general to the survey of the United Kingdom, being at the same time placed at the head of the Museum of Practical Geology, Lon- don. He is the author of "Story of a Boulder" (1858) ; "Phenomena of the Glacial Drift of Scotland" (1863) ; "The Scenery of Scotland Viewed in Connec- tion with Its Phvsical Geology" (1865; 2d ed. 1887) ; "Memoir of Sir R. Murch- ison" (1874) ; "Text-book of Geology" (1882) ; "The Founders of Geology" (1897) ; "Types of Scenery" (1898); etc., besides numerous class-books, pri- mers, etc., on geology. GEIKIE, JAMES, a Scottish geologist; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Aug. 23, 1839. He received an education similar to that of his brother Archibald. Hav- ing served on the Geological Survey of Scotland from 1861 to 1882, he succeeded his brother as Murchison Professor of Geology in Edinburgh University. He is the author of "The Great Ice Age" (2d ed. 1877) ; "Prehistoric Europe" (1881); "Outlines of Geology" (1886; 2d edition 1888) ; a translation of "Songs and Lyrics bv H. Heine and other Ger- man Poets" (1887) ; "Earth Sculpture" (1898); "Mountains" (1913) ; "Antiquity of Man in Europe" (1913). He died in 1915. GELA (je'la), one of the most impor- tant ancient Greek cities of Sicily, sit-