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LEFT GALVANOMETEB 252 GALWAY necting arc is made of two metals instead of one. He therefore inferred that the metals took the active part in producing the contraction and the disengagement of electricity was due to their contact, and that the animal parts constituted only a conductor, and at the same time a very sensitive electroscope. In 1793 he published these views, and in 1800 first described and constructed what has since been called after him the voltaic pile. Now voltaic plates have nearly given place to voltaic or galvanic batteries, of which there are many varieties. See Galvani, Luigi. GALVANOMETER, an instrument for detecting the presence and measuring the intensity of feeble galvanic currents. A differential galvanometer is an in- strument designed to ascertain a differ- ence in the intensity of two galvanic currents. A marine galvanometer is a galvanometer designed to test the in- sulation of submarine cables, and at the same time unaffected by the pitching and rolling of the ship. metropolis of the State, and is regularly laid out, with wide streets and handsome buildings. The public buildings include the United States Government Building, County Court House, City Hall, Su- preme Court House, Cotton Exchange, Masonic Temple, and several club houses. Among the more noted educational in- stitutions are the University of St. Mary, Medical School of the University of Texas, Ursuline Convent, Convent of the Sacred Heart, Ball High School, and the Rosenberg School. The city has elec- tric lights, and street railroads, water- works, a public library, and several mag- nificent parks. Business Interests. — The commerce of the city is very extensive. In the fiscal year 1920 exports were valued at $598,- 239,227, and imports at $16,287,637. In value of exports it was second only to New York. It is the first city in the United States in the export of cotton. The industries include cotton pressing, milling and manufacturing of cotton goods, bagging and cordage. In 1919 GALVESTON SEA WALL GALVESTON, city and county-seat of Galveston co., Tex., on Galveston Island, between Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, and on the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe, the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, the International and Great Northern, and several other large rail- roads; and having steamship lines con- necting with New York, New Orleans, Vera Cruz, Liverpool, and nearly all South American and West Indian ports. It has the largest and deepest harbor on the Gulf coast, with two miles of wharf front. Following the great flood of 1900 a great sea-wall covering the entire frontage of the city was constructed at a cost of $2,000,000. The harbor was also improved by the United States Gov- ernment and was made accessible for the largest steamers. Public Interests. — Galveston is the .second largest city and the commercial there were 2 National banks and several private banking institutions. History. — Galveston was settled in 1837; captured by the Federal forces in 1862; and retaken by the Confederates in 1863. It was nearly destroyed by fire in 1885, and on Sept. 8, 1900, was visited by a violent tornado and flood, causing the loss of 7,000 lives and the destruc- tion of property to the value of $20,000,« 000. Pop. (1910) 36,981; (1920) 44,255. GALWAY, a municipal and parlia- mentary borough of Ireland, a seaport, and county of itself, at the mouth of the river Corrib, on the N. shore of Galway Bay, 50 miles N. N. W. of Limerick. The old town is poorly built and irregular. The new town consists of well-planned and spacious streets, and is built on a rising ground which slopes gradually toward the sea and the river. Galway is the see of a Catholic bishop, but is in