Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/264

LEFT FBEWEN 220 FRICOURT impressions gained by early experiences, which, remaining submerged, may pro- duce manifestations of hysteria. By spe- cial mental effort these subconscious im- SIGMUND FREUD pressions may be brought to the surface and the brain may be liberated from their detrimental influence. FREWEN, MORETON, a British publicist. He was born in S. Leicester- shire, England, in 1853, and was edu- cated at Trinity College, Cambridge. After leaving school he specialized in economic subjects, and traveled consid- erably. In regard to Ireland he worked in the interests of Home Rule, and with the aid of the party led by William O'Brien was elected to represent East Cork in the British House of Commons during 1910-1911. He is a vice-president of the Imperial Federation League and a frequent writer in the reviews on eco- nomic problems, tariff and exchanges. He wrote "The Economic Crisis," etc. FREYCINET, CHARLES LOUIS DE SAULCE DE, a French statesman. He was born in 1828 and received his pre- liminary education at the Ecole Poly- technique. He engaged himself both with politics and engineering, and in 1870 became state engineer of mines. In the same year he was appointed Prefect of Tarn-et-Garonne, and was Minister of Public Works, 1877-1879. He then held the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs intermittently from 1879 to 1886. From 1888 to 1899 he was Minister of War, be- coming in 1893 President of the Commis^ sion of the Army. Member of the French Academy ; officer of the Legion of Honor ; Senateur of the Seine; Inspector-General of Mines. FREYTAG, GUSTAV (fri'tag), a German author; born in Kreuzburg, Prussia, July 13, 1816. His first dramatic composition was "The Bridal Tour," (1844); "The Savant" (1844), and a volume of poems, "In Breslau" (1845) ; after which he produced "The Valentine" (1846), "Count Valdemar" (1847), and "The Journalist" (1853). Among his works outside of the drama may be men- tioned his great novel of social life, "Debit and Credit" (3 vols. 1855), "The Lost MS." (1864), "Ancestors," and "Karl Mathy" (1869). He died in Wies- baden, Germany, April 30, 1895. FRIAR, any religious of the male sex belonging to a monastic order. Thus, the Capuchins were originally called Friars Hermits Minor, and the Observ- ants more permanently, Friars Observ- ant. The term is used specifically for religious belonging to one of the four mendicant orders for men: (a) The Franciscans {q. v.), or Friars Minor, popularly called Gray Friars; (b) the Dominicans, or Preaching Friars, popularly called Black Friars; (c) the Augustinians ; (d) the Carmelities, popu- larly known as White Friars. In print- ing, a friar is a pale patch on a printed sheet. FRICK, HENRY CLAY, an American capitalist and philanthropist. Born in Overton, Pa., in 1849, and died in 1920. He began his career as a clerk in a flour and distillery plant owned by his grand- father and later entered the business of the manufacture of coke. From a small concern this has grown to be the largest coke-producing company in the world, under the name of the H. C. Frick Coke Co. During the Homestead strike of 1892 Frick had complete direction of the com- pany's forces and his severe measures exposed him to the hostility of the work- men. More than once during the strike attempts were made to assassinate him. At his death he left his handsome art collection to the public. FRICOTJRT, a French village in the valley of the Ancre, about 12 miles S. W. of Bapaume, the center of heavy fighting on the western front, during the World War. It was the scene of especially important operations during the offensive launched by the British in the Ancre Valley, on July 1, 1916. Fri- court then marked the apex of a pro- nounced salient formed by the German