Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/257

LEFT FBEILIGRATH 213 FREMONT roads. In maritime freight the person chartering a ship pays freight for goods sent by it, and dead freight for any de- ficiency of cargo ; the terms of the agree- ment are fixed by the charter party. A person sending goods by a general ship pays freight for them; and the contract takes the form of a bill of lading. So far as the rights of parties are not made the subject of positive stipulation in the contract of affreightment, they are ascer- tained with reference to the usage of trade. The carrier's duty is to have the ship ready to start at the time appointed (wind and weather permitting), and to receive the goods and carry them to their destination; having performed these duties, he has a lien on the goods and a right of action in case of non-payment of freight. The shipper's duty is to have his goods forwarded in time. Freight is not usually payable unless the voyage is completed; but it is sometimes prepaid, in whole or in part, at the risk of the shipper. It was formerly held that the wages of the crew depended on the earn- ing of freight by the ships. This rule was set aside by the British Merchant Shipping Act of 1854. Even in case of shipwreck a seaman may recover his wages; but his claim will be barred if evidence can be given to show that he failed to exert himself to the utmost to save the ship and cargo. The old rule is adhered to in the United States; but it does not apply to the master, nor does it apply to seamen if freight has been lost by the fault of the master or owners. Freight is the subject of insurance. See Carrier. FBEILIGRATH, FERDINAND (fri' lig-rat), a German poet; born in i)et- mold, Germany, June 17, 1810. His first volume of "Poems" (1838), won a royal pension, which he renounced as discredit- ing his liberalism, publishing a "Confes- sion of Faith" in verse (1844). Banished as a sower of sedition, he took refuge in London till the Revolution of 1848. Re- turning, he was tried for high treason for his poem "The Dead to the Living," but acquitted ; then threatened with pros- ecution for "Political and Social Poems"; he returned to London and lived there till 1868. Many of his songs are widely popular. He was an admirable transla- tor, notably from Scott, Shakespeare, and Longfellow. He died in Cannstatt, Ger- many, March 18, 1876. FRELINGHUYSEN, JOSEPH SHER- MAN, a United States senator from New Jersey, born in Raritan, N. J. in 1869. He engaged in business and became di- rector and officer of many important financial institutions. He was an un- successful candidate for the New Jersey Senate in 1902, but was elected in 1904 and again in 1908. In 1910 he was president of the Senate and acting gov- ernor of the State. In 1916 he was elected to the United States Senate. FRELINGHUYSEN, THEODORE, an American lawyer; born in Millstone, N. J., March 28, 1787; was graduated at the College of New Jersey in 1804, and admitted to the bar in 1808. In the War of 1812 he commanded a company of volunteers, and in 1817 became at- torney-general of New Jersey, which office he held till 1829 when he was elected United States Senator. He was chosen chancellor of the University of New York in 1838; was nominated for Vice-President of the United States in 1844; and in 1850 became president of Rutgers College, which position he re- tained until his death. He died in New Brunswick, N. J., April 12, 1862. FREMONT, a city of Nebraska, the county - seat of Dodge co. It is on the Union Pacific, the Chicago and Northwestern, and the Chicago, Bur- lington and Quincy railroads. The city is an important dairying and live-stock center. Its industries include flour mills, planing mills, etc. It is the seat of the Fremont normal school, and the public buildings include a public library, court house, and a high school building. Pop. (1910) 8,718; (1920) 9,605. FREMONT, a city of Ohio, the county- seat of Sandusky co. It is on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Lake Erie and Western, the Lake Shore Electric, and the Wheeling and Lake Erie railroads. It is also on the San- dusky river, of which it is the head of steam navigation. It is the center of an important agricultural and oil-pro- ducing region. Its manufactures in- clude electro-carbons, engines and boil- ers, agricultural implements, stoves, beet sugar, flour, etc. Water power is furnished by a large dam and power plant. The city has several handsome parks, a State historical building, and a public library. It was the home of President Rutherford B. Hayes. Pop. (1910) 9,939; (1920) 12,468. FREMONT. JESSIE BENTON, an Amei'ican author, wife of John Charles; born in Virginia in 1824; daughter of Senator Thomas H. Benton. She pub- lished: "Story of the Guard: A Chroni- cle of the War," with a German transla- tion (1863) ; a sketch of her father pre- fixed to her husband's memoirs (1886) ; "Souvenirs of My Time" (1887); and "The Will and the Way Stories." Shp died in 1902.