Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/213

LEFT FOREORDIN'ATION 173 FOBEY approach to the Goodwin Sands. The North Foreland is made, by Act of Par- liament, the S. E. extremity of the port of London. FOREORDINATION, or PREDESTI- NATION, according to the Calvinistic view, the predestination before the foun- dation of the world of some to eternal life and others to eternal death. In the authorized version of the Scriptures, the word foreordination does not appear at all, and the word foreordain does not occur in this sense, but ordain does: "And as many as were ordained to eter- nal life believed" (Acts xiii: 48) ; "Who were of old ordained to this condemna- tion" (Jude 4, 13). FOREST CITY, a borough of Penn- sylvania, in Susquehanna co. It is on the Delaware and Hudson, the Erie, and the New York, Ontario, and Western railroads. Its chief industries are coal mining and the manufacture of silk. It is also the center of an important agri- cultural region. Pop. (1910) 5,749; (1920) 6,004. FOREST PARK, a city of Illinois, in Cook CO. It is 4 miles beyond the city limits of Chicago. It is on the Chicago Great Western, the Baltimore and Ohio, Chicago Terminal, and the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie railroads. It is also on the Des Plaines river. The town is a suburb of Chicago, and within its borders are several cemeteries. Pop. (1910) 6,594; (1920) 10,768. FORESTERS, INDEPENDENT ORDER OF, a benevolent and fraternal organization founded at Newark, N. J., in 1874 and reorganized in 1881. The order has members throughout the United States and Canada, with branches in Great Britain, Frp.nce, Norway, Aus- tralia, and India. The responsibility for government is vested in a supreme court which sits in Toronto, Can., while high courts attend to the affairs of the order in the different States of the Union and in countries where branches exist. The number of members is now about 260,000, and the disbursements have amounted to over $50,000,000. In the United States there are a high court, and about 4,200 subordinate courts. FORESTRY, the act, occupation, or art of forming and cultivating forests; the systematic utilization, reproduction and improvement in productive capacity of trees in masses, including the planting and culture of new forests. Not only private interest exists in forests but a public interest, which necessitates at times governmental action. Such action rests on the following principles: (1) VoL IV— Cyc— L The widest scope should be allowed to private enterprise in production, care being taken that abundant statistics in regard to supply and demand and oppor- tunity for education on the subject be furnished. (2) Adequate legal protection should be given to forest property. (3) Whenever improper management threat- ens damage to neighboring property the State should interfere to enforce proper management. (4) Wherever public wel- fare demands the reforestation of de- nuded tracts, the State should assist individual or communal enterprise in performing this, or else do the reforest- ing as a work of internal improvement. (5) In cases where a permanent forest is desirable and private interest can not be relied on for its proper management, the State should own and manage it. There were, in 1920, 152 National Forests, embracing 180,299,776 acres, of which a little over 86 per cent, is public land. By the act of February 26, 1919, the Grand Canyon National Park was created. For this purpose 606,720 acres were transferred from other National Forests. For a discussion of conserva- tion of forest lands, see Conservation. See also National Parks, and Forestry Association, American. FORESTRY ASSOCIATION, AMER- ICAN. An association organized in 1882 and incorporated in 1897, having among its purposes the promotion of a business- like use of the forest resources of the United States, the advancement of legis- lation to that end and the inauguration of forest administration by the Federal Government and States, and the diffu- sion of knowledge in respect to the con- servation and utilization of forests. As a result of its work committees have investigated forest conditions and issued reports of great value in forest renewal and management. The members number over 5,000. The headquarters are in Washington, D. C, and there a maga- zine, "American Forestry," is issued each month. FOREY, ELIE FREDERIC, a French military officer; born in Paris, France, Jan. 10. 1804; was admitted to the Mili- tary School of St. Cyr in 1822. He took part in the first expedition to Algiers, and distinguished himself at the battle of Medeah, in the retreat which followed the first siege of Constantine, and at the Iron Gates. In 1840, he went through four other African campaigns, and re- turned to France with the rank of colonel in 1844, became a general in 1848, took an active part in the coup d'etat of December, 1851, and was made a general of division and commander of the Legion of Honor in 1852. At the breaking out