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LEFT FABBAB 103 FASCIA He graduated from Princeton Univei-- sity in 1892 and took post-graduate studies at that University and in Ger- many. From 1896 to 1901 he was in- structor and professor of history of Weeleyan University, and from 1901 to 1908 he was professor and head of the department of history at Leland Stan- ford University. He was acting pro- fessor of Cornell in 1905-1906, and from 1908 was professor of Yale. In 1919- 1920 he acted as general director of the Commonwealth Fund of New York City. He wrote "Legislation of Congress for the Government of the Organized Terri- tories of the United States" (1896) "Framing of the Constitution" (1913) "Development of the United States' (1918); "Fathers of the Constitution" (1920). He was a frequent contributor CO historical magazines. FARRAR, FREDERICK WILLIAM, an English clergyman, dean of Canter- bury; born in Bombay, India, Aug. 7, 1831. He was educated at University of London and Trinity College, Cam- bridge. He was ordained a deacon in 1854 and priest in 1857. He was assist- ant master at Harrow and head master at Marlborough College. He v/as made archdeacon of Westminster in 1883; and chaplain to the queen. He wrote these novels: "Eric, etc." (1858); "Julian Home" (1859); "St. Winifred's, etc." (1863). Of his religious and theo- logical writings the most notable are: "The Witness of History to Christ" (1871); "The Life of Christ" (1874); "Life and Works of St. Paul" (1879) ; "The Early Days of Christianity" (1882); "Eternal Hope," "The Life of Lives" (1899), etc. He was author also of works on language, as "The Origin of Language" (I860) ; "Families of Speech" (1870) ; "Language and Lan- guages" (1878) ; and handbooks on Greek grammar. He died in London, March 22, 1903. FARS, or FARSISTAlSr (anciently Persis), a province of Persia, bordering on the Persian Gulf; rises from the steep coast in a succession of broad ter- races. Area, about 53,500 square miles; the population, the exact number of which is not known, is very sparse. The coast zone or "hot country," the pro- ductiveness of which is greatly depend- ent on the rainfall, is backed by the "land of the passes," behind which comes the "cold country"; the interior belongs to the Iranian plateau. The mountain chains, lying parallel to the coast, embrace numerous fertile valleys, rich in pasturage and vines and fruit trees. Among the mountains are sev- eral lakes, the largest Lake Bakhtegan. The rivers are small. The climate varies with the different districts. The principal products of the province are fruits, dates, tobacco, cotton, silk, and excellent wine. The capital of Fars is Shiraz, pop. 25,000 to 30,000. The port, Bushire, on the Persian Gulf. FARSAN ISLANDS, a group of is- lands in the Red Sea, about 35 miles off the W. coast of Yemen. They in- clude the two larger islands of Farsan Seghir, 18 miles in length, and Farsan- el-Kebir, 25 miles in length. The islands are important chiefly for the pearl and coral fisheries. Dates and other fruit are also grown there. Prior to the Woi'ld War Germany maintained a coal- ing station on one of these islands. FARUKHABAD, a city of the North- west provinces of India; near the Ganges; 83 miles N. W. of Cawnpur. It is a clean and healthy place, with a considerable trade, and a population (1901) of 67,338. The district of Farukhabad belongs to the alluvial plain of the Doab, the soil being for the most part high-lying, sandy, and infer- tile; area, 1,719 square miles; pop. about 1,000,000. The most important crops are potatoes, indigo, and sugar-cane. The capital is Fatehgarh. The ruins of Kanauj, the capital of a powerful Hindu kingdom, still exist within the district. FASANO, a city in southern Italy. It is near the site of the ancient Roman city of Egnatia. It contains a city hall, which was the former palace of the Knights of St. John. Pop. about 20,000. FASCES, the most ancient insignia of the Roman magistrates, consisting of bundles of elm or birch rods, in the center of which was an ax. The custom was borrowed from the Etruscans. After the banishment of Tarquinius Superbns, the fasces wei'e carried before the consuls by men called lictors; but this honor was granted to the consul- major only. The consul and pro-consul had 12 lictors, each of whom carried a fasces; the dictator had 24, and when in Rome the ax was carried before him. The prjetors of the towns had only 2 fasces; those of the provinces and the army 6. Under the empire the consuls, who were merely civil magistrates, had 12 fasces, while the pro-prastors and pro-consuls were allowed 6, and this lasted till the fall of Rome. FASCIA, a bandage employed in various ways, as: (1) A diadem, formerly worn round the head as an emblem of royalty, the color being Y.-hite; that worn by women was purple.