Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/131

LEFT FABNHAM 101 FABOE ISLANDS the geologist, are all^ available in the service of the farmer, it has followed, as a natural consequence, that the farmers of our age are rapidly becoming a more scientific, more educated, and far more enlightened class than those of any pre- vious generation. See Agriculture. FARNAM, HENRY WALCOTT, an American economist, born in New Haven, Conn., in 1853. He graduated from Yale in 1874 and took post-graduate studies at Berlin and other German universities. From 1878 to 1880 he was tutor and from 1880 to 1918 professor of economics in Yale University. In the latter year he was appointed professor emeritus. From 1892 to 1911 he was one of the editors of the "Yale Review," and of the "Economic Review" in 1911-1912. He served as chair- man of the New Haven Civil Service Board and as president of the Connecti- cut Civil Service Reform Association. He was the author of a number of books on economic subjects, several of them written in the German language. He was a member of many economic societies. FARNBOROUGH, a town in Hamp- shire, England. It is on the Blackwater, near the Basingstoke canal. Its most important industry is the raising of strawberries. It was long noted as the seat of Farnborough Hill, which was the residence of the former Empress Eugenie until her death in 1920. The main depot of the British Royal Aircraft factory was at Farnborough during the World War. Pop. about 15,000. FARNESE, the patronymic of an il- lustrious and princely Italian house, which arose about the middle of the 13th century. Of its principal members were the following: Farnese, Alessandro, Cardinal, raised to the tiara under the title of Pope Paul III., in 1534, who created his natural son, PiETRO, Duke of Parma and Piacenza. Farnese, Alessandro, great-grandson of the preceding; was born 1546. He early entered upon the profession of arms, and distinguished himself at the battle of Lepanto (1571) under his uncle, the famous Don John of Austria. Philip II. afterv>rard appointed him governor of the Netherlands, where he waged war against the Prince of Orange. He was subsequently made commander-in-chief of the army sent to the assistance of the French Catholics, and compelled Henry IV. to raise the siege of Paris ; but, being ill-supported by the League, he was eventually obliged to succumb to his great adversary and died soon after in Arras, in 1592. The line continued until 1731, when it became extinct in the per- son of Antonio Farnese, the prince of his house. FARNSWORTH, CHARLES STEW- ART, an American soldier, bom in Lycoming county. Pa., in 1862, He graduated from the United States Mili- tary Academy in 1887. In the same year he was appointed 2d lieutenant and rose through the grades, becoming colonel in 1917. In the same year he was ap- pointed brigadier-general of the Na- tional Army, and in the followiiie; year was made major-general. He com- manded the 37th Division of the Ameri- can Expeditionary Force from May 22, 1918, to April 5, 1919, taking part in the St. Mihiel offensive and in the offen- sives of the Argonne-Meuse and in Bel- gium. In 1919 he was commander of Camp Bowie, Tex., and in the same year was commander of the Infantry School at Camp Benning, Ga. FARNWORTH, a town of Lancashire, England, on the Manchester and Bolton Railway. It has important manufac- tures of cotton, brick, tile, and iron. Within its limits are several mediaeval buildings. Pop. about 35,000. FARO, a game of cards, in which the player plaj's against the bank, which is kept bjr the proprietor of the table. It was introduced into France by the Vene- tian ambassador in 1674, in a form like bassette ; but so many nobles were ruined by this game that Louis XIV. made a law against it. To elude this law it was called pour et centre, which gave rise to new prohibitions, to evade which the name Pharaoh was adopted. The game essentially consists in betting on which of two piles, into which the cards are alternately dealt, a certain card will fall. It is played with a "lay-out" of 13 cards, ranging from ace to king, inclusive, and a pack of 52 cards dealt from a box, one at a time, in two piles, alternately, as above said. There are various per- centages, accruing to the dealer, the principal one being known as a split, which occurs when two cards of the same denomination follow in succession from the box, in which case the dealer takes haif the sum bet by the player. When but two or three cards remain to be dealt, the player who succeeds in naming the order in which they will appear (or "calls the turn," as the gambler hath it) receives from two to four to one, ac- cording to the denomination of the cards, the amount being determined by the doc- trine of chances. FAROE ISLANDS, a group of 22 is- lands belonging to Denmark, in the Northern Ocean, between lat. 61° 15' and 62° 21' N., and Ion. 6° and 8'^ E.;