Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/80

LEFT COLLAR-BONE 56 COLLEGES sons, and was adorned with columns of the three Greek orders of architecture. It is the most imposing ruin in the world. COLLAB-BONE, the clavicle; a bone situated on either side of the neck. The one is called the right, the other the left clavicle. COLLATINUS, the husband of Lu- cretia, who, in conjunction with Brutus, expelled the Tarquin family from Rome, and established the consular government. either a special act of the legislature, or under the general law, was the actual corporation secured. The college thus eau tablished was usually of a denomination- al or sectarian type. A second form is found in a method which is still personal, but without special religious affiliation. Leland Stanford University, California, is an example. The third form is what is known as the State university, an in- stitution established in the individual commonwealth and as a crown to its pub- lic school system. It is supported out of ^l;!_.'.';a?.'|f«-^' ,7/*i COLISEUM AT ROME COLLECT, a name given to certain brief and comprehensive prayers, found in all liturgies and public devotional of- fices. The origin of the term is not cer- tain; according to some, it is from these prayers being said in the congregation or collection of the people. They are of great antiquity, and occur in the sacra- mentary of Gelasius, patriarch of Rome, A. D. 494. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING. See Labor Organization. COLLECTIVISM, a word of quite recent origin, intended to express the cen- tral idea in the economic theory of so- cialism, that industry should be carried on with a collective capital. It means that capital should not be owned and controlled by individuals, but by groups of associated workers; the joint prop- erty of the community. COLLEGES. Three forms of the in- stitutions of the higher education are easily distinguished. The earliest was the private, or ecclesiastical. By this method a few citizens, usually members of a church, associated themselves for the purpose of securing a charter from the government of the State in which it was desired to establish a college. Under the public funds raised by taxation. Its government is vested in a board of re- gents or trustees, either appointed by the governor or elected by the people. At least 40 such universities are found in the United States. In the government of each college or university are usually associated two bodies, the one called trustees, or direc- tors, or overseers, or regents, or fellows, who represent the legal side of the cor- poration. The other is called the faculty, which is the body of instruction. These two bodies work in co-operation in car- rying on the essential service of the in- stitution. To the college, or to the undergradu- ate department of the university, stu- dents are admitted from the high school or the academy. The average age is 18, plus. The direct preparation consists in studies embodying English literature and language, mathematics, solid geometry, either Latin or French or German and occasionally Greek, pursued for four years; history, either ancient or modern, and an elementary knowledge of chemis- try and physics. The students of the age of 18 enter college usually, though not always, with a direct purpose. To prepare themselves for a profession was formerly a primary purpose. It is now