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LEFT COCKROACH 41 CODDINGTON re-election, but resumed law practice in New York. He was a conspicuous figure at the Democratic National Convention in 1920 and made the speech nominating James M. Cox for presidency. COCKROACH, generally, any insect of the family Blattidse, or at least, of the genus Blatta; and specially, the B. orientates, so common in houses, partic- ularly in seaport towns. The cockroach is said to have come originally from India, through the Levant. It is noctur- nal in its habits. The eggs are deposited in horny cases, in which they are ar- ranged with much regularity, in two rows, with a central partition, and smaller ones isolating each egg from the other. COCKSCOMB, the comb of a cock, be- ing a sort of ensign or token which the fool was accustomed to wear. Also a name sometimes given to Celosia cynstata. The flowers are astringent and are pre- scribed in Asia in cases of diarrhoea, blennorrhoea, excessive menstrual dis- charges, hsematesis, and similar disor- ders. COCK'S-FOCT GRASS (Dactylis), a genus of grasses, closely allied to fescue. The common or rough cock's-foot grass (D. glomerata) is a native of both palaearctic and nearctic regions, and is very abundant in Great Britain. In the United States it is called orchard grass, and is extensively cultivated. To this genus belongs also the tussac grass. COCLES, HORATIUS, a hero of an- cient Rome, who alone, in 506 B. c, op- posed the whole army of Porsenna at the head of a bridge, while his com- panions were destroying it behind him. This effected, though wounded, he leaped into the Tiber and swam safely across. COCOA. See Cacao. COCOANUT, a woody fruit of an oval shape, from 3 or 4 to 6 or 8 inches in length, covered with a fibrous husk, and lined internally with a white, firm, and fleshy kernel. The tree (Cocos nucifera) which produces the cocoanut is a palm, from 40 to 60 feet high. The nuts hang from the summit of the tree in clusters of a dozen or more together. The ex- ternal rind of the nuts has a smooth surface. This incloses an extremely fibrous substance, which immediately surrounds the nut. The latter has a thick and hard shell, with three black scars at one end, through one of which the em- bryo of the future tree pushes its way. The kernel incloses a considerable quan- tity of sweet and watery liquid. This palm is a native of Africa, the East and West Indies, and South Amer- ica, and is now grown almost every- where in tropical countries. The kernels are used as food and yield a valuable oil. When dried before the oil is expressed they are known as copra. The fibrous coat of the nut is made into the well- known cocoanut matting; the coarse yarn obtained from it is called coir, which is also used for cordage. The hard shell of the nut furnishes cups and utensils. The fronds are wrought into baskets, mats, sacks; the trunks are made into boats or furnish timber for ^ houses. By boring the tree a white sweetish liquor called toddy exudes from the wound, and yields by distillation one of the varieties of the spirit called arack. A kind of sugar called jagge^-y is also obtained from the juice by inspissation. COCOANUT BEETLE (Batocera rubus), a large longicorn beetle, the larvae of which are very destructive in cocoanut plantations. They are desti- tute of feet, large and pulpy, and of re- pulsive aspect; but are esteemed a lux- ury by the coolies of the East. COCO DE MER (also called Sea or Maldive Double Cocoanut), the fruit of the Lodo'icea Seychellamm palm. Its double kernel has long had an extraordi- nary value in the East as a poison anti- dote. The tree on which it grows is pecul- iar to some of the Seychelles Islands, reaches a height of 100 feet, and has very large fern-like leaves, COCOON, the silken sheath spun by the larvae of many insects in passing into the pupa or resting stage. The cocoon proper is due to the secretion of special spinning glands, situated anteriorly or posteriorly, but larval hairs and foreign objects of many kinds may also be utilized. The most typical and perfect cocoons are those of many moths, a familiar example being that of the silk- worm. COD, a fish of the family Gadidse, almost rivaling the herring in its im- portance to mankind. The roe of the female has been estimated to contain 4,000,000 to 9,000,000 eggs, which, when expelled, float on the surface of the ocean. The cod is found in all northern parts of the Atlantic ocean and in the Arctic seas. See Cod-Liver Oil. CODA, in music, an adjunct to the close of a composition, for the purpose of enforcing the final character of the movement. CODDINGTON, WILLIAM, the found- er of the colony of Rhode Island; born in England, in 1601, and arrived in Massachusetts in 1630. He remained in