Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/521

LEFT EAST INDIA COMPAinr 457 EAST MOLINE There are also railroad and machine shops. The town has a public library and the Raymond Library. Pop. (1910) 8,138; (1920) 11,648. EAST INDIA COMPANY, in its origi- nal form "The Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading to the East Indies"; so the company is de- scribed in its charter, dated Dec. 31, 1600. Afterward, on July 22, 1702, "The United Company of Merchants trading to the East Indies." In 1749 the com- pany plunged into the native wars of the Carnatic, and commenced a career of con- quest which placed nearly the whole of India either directly or indirectly under the British rule. The victory of Clive, at Plassy (June 23, 1757), over Suraj-u Dowla laid the foundations of the Anglo-Indian empire. The rise of such power excited in the home government a desire to reduce it under their control; and when as early as 1769 the company wished the loan of two ships of the line and some frigates, the ministry in granting their request in- timated their intention of vesting in the admiral power to treat independently on all maritime affairs. In 1773 the home government claimed that the territorial acquisitions of the company should be transferred after six years' grace to the crown, and change made in the constitu- tion of the company, a Supreme Court of Judicature being also appointed in India. Pitt's act (1784) established a board of control over the directors, which com- pletely destroyed the independence of the latter body. The company's charter was renewed with a few changes in 1793; subsequently at intervals of 20 years. In 1813 they lost the monopoly of the In- dian trade, retaining that of China. This last was taken away in 1833. The next renewal, that of 1853, was the last that took place. The Indian mutinies of 1857 and 1858, having discredited the com- pany's administration, its political gov- ernment was brought to an end on Aug. 13, 1858. On Nov. 1, 1858, a proclamation made at Calcutta announced that Queen Vic- toria herself assumed the government of India. Finally the East India Stock Re- demption Act, passed on May 13, 1873, but not operative till June 1, 1874, at the latter date, dissolved the company itself. EAST INDIES, the name given to India, the Eastern Peninsula and the islands of the adjacent archipelago stop- ping in the one direction short of the Philippine Islands, and in the other be- fore reaching New Guinea. EASTLAKE, SIR CHARLES LOCK, an English artist, and critic and his- torian of art; born in Plymouth, Nov. 17. 1793. His paintings were noteworthy; and in such books as "Materials for a History of Oil Painting" (1847-1869) and "History of the Gothic Revival" (1871), he manifested taste and discrimination. He died in Pisa, Italy, Dec. 14, 1865. EAST LIVERPOOL, a city in Colum- biana CO., O.; on the Ohio river, and on the Pennsylvania and the Youngstown and Ohio railroads, 45 miles W. of Pitts- burgh. It has freight packet connections with all important Ohio river ports, ex- tensive china, porcelain, earthenware, terra cotta and glass works, foundries, and machine shops. There are electric street railways and lights, public library, water works, business college, 3 National banks, and several newspapers. Pop. (1910) 20,387; (1920) 21,411. EASTMAN, CHARLES ALEXANDER (OHIYESA), an American physician, born at Redwood Falls, Minn., in 1858. He was the son of Sioux Indians. lie grad- uated from Dartmouth College in 1887, and after studying medicine became Gov- ernment physician at the Pine Ridge Agency, serving until 1893. He was In- dian secretary of the Y. M. C. A. from 1894 to 1897, and was in charge of the field work of that organization among the Indians. From 1897 to 1900 he was at- torney for the Santee Sioux Indians at Washington, and from 1903 to 1909 held an appointment to revise Sioux family names. He married in 1891 Elaine Goodale, poet. He wrote several books on Indian life and customs. These in- clude "Indian Boyhood" (1902); "Old Indian Days" (1907) ; "The Soul of the Indian" (1911); "The Indian To-day" (1915) ; "Indian Heroes and Great Chief- tains" (1918). He also lectured on In- dian life and history. EASTMAN, ELAINE GOODALE, an American writer; born at Mt. Washing- ton, Mass., in 1863. She was educated privately. She early began writing verse which 'attracted considerable notice. From 1883 to 1891 she was a teacher and supervisor of Indian schools. In the latter year she married Charles A. Eastman. Her writings, chiefly poetry, include "Apple Blossoms" (1878) ; "Lit- tle Brother o' Dreams" (1910); "Indian Legends Re-told" (1919). She was a frequent contributor to papers and maga- zines on Indian subjects. EAST MOLINE, a city of Illinois, in Rock Island co. It is on the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, the Davenport, Rock Island and Northwestern, and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy rail- roads. It is an important industrial city and has manufactures of automobiles.